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Atoms vs. Ions

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atoms or groups of atoms that have a positive or negative charge. Cations ... Fun Brain Element Quiz. Latin Names. Oxyrich Water. Oxyrich Website. Refuting Claim ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Atoms vs. Ions


1
Atoms vs. Ions
  • Recall Atoms protons electrons
  • What happens when they are not equal?
  • Ions
  • atoms or groups of atoms that have a positive or
    negative charge
  • Cations
  • Positively charged ions
  • Loss of electrons
  • Anions
  • Negatively charged ions
  • Gain of electrons

2
What are ionic compounds?
  • Electrically neutral compound formed from cations
    and anions
  • Usually metals and nonmetals
  • Most are crystalline solids at room temperature

3
What is a molecule?
  • Monatomic single atoms
  • Noble gases (He, Xe)
  • Diatomic Molecules
  • smallest electrically neutral group of atoms that
    act as a unit of substance
  • H2, O2, F2, Br2, I2, N2, Cl2
  • Molecular (Covalent) Compounds
  • Mostly 2 or more nonmetals
  • Low MP, BP
  • Examples HCl, H2O

4
Distinguishing between two types of chemical
formulas
  • Chemical formula
  • Shows kinds and numbers of atoms in the smallest
    representative unit of the substance
  • Two Types of Compounds
  • Molecular formulas
  • Molecular compounds smallest unit
  • 7 diatomic molecules
  • Elements that commonly exist as molecules
  • Formula Units (Ionic Compounds)
  • No separate molecular unit, continuous array of
    ions
  • Lowest whole number ratio of ions in compound

5
Determining Charge of Ions
  • Which elements form what charges?
  • Metals tend to lose electrons (positive charges)
  • Nonmetals tend to gain electrons (negative
    charges)
  • Monatomic ions groups of Periodic table
  • Roman numerals for transition metals multiple
    charges
  • Examples of ions and charges from P-table
  • What is the charge? (S, Pb, Zn, Ar, Br)
  • Write symbols for ions, name ions from charges
  • Oxide, lead(II), lithium, nitride, cupric,
    fluoride
  • Ba2, I-, Ag, Hg2, P3-, Sn4

6
Polyatomic ions
  • Group of atoms with a charge
  • Tightly bound groups that behave as a unit and
    carry a charge
  • Most end in ite, -ate, some exceptions (cyanide,
    ammonium)
  • Memorize table 9.3 by Exam (Friday)

7
Writing Formulas and Naming Ionic Compounds
  • Binary Ionic Compounds (Formulas)
  • 1) 2 elements
  • 2) Write charges of ions
  • 3) Balance charges
  • Lowest ratio
  • 3a) Criss-cross method, reduce
  • Binary Ionic Compounds (Naming)
  • 1) Metal, nonmetal with ide
  • 2) Roman Numerals
  • Examples potassium nitride, sodium oxide,
    copper(II) sulfide, tin(IV) sulfide, potassium
    chloride, magnesium nitride
  • Examples (names) Cs2O, CoI2, AlF3, FeS, CaO,
    Cu2Se

8
Ternary Ionic Compounds
  • Contains polyatomic ions
  • Use charges, balance with parentheses
  • What to do with Polyatomic Ions?
  • Remember to treat PI as one unit Install
    Parentheses
  • Criss-Cross method
  • Examples potassium sulfate, magnesium
    hydroxide, calcium carbonate, tin(IV) dichromate
  • Examples LiCN, Sr(H2PO4) 2, (NH4) 2C2O4,
    Fe(ClO3) 3

9
Writing Formulas and Naming Molecular Compounds
  • What about formulas for molecular compounds
    ones that are not ionic?
  • Rules
  • No ionic charges
  • Greek prefixes (table 5.5)
  • Naming
  • 1st element (no mono), 2nd element (-ide)
  • Drop vowel when name of 2nd element begins with
    vowel
  • Dihydrogen Monoxide
  • Website

10
Practice
  • N2O, PCl3, AlCl3, SF6
  • carbon tetrabromide, dinitrogen tetrahydride,
    boron trichloride, diphosphorus trioxide
  • Formula B-I-N-G-O
  • Now, youre ready to play!

11
END
12
Experimental Data Led to Two Major Laws
  • Law of Definite Proportions
  • Samples of any chemical compound, masses of
    elements are always in the same proportions
  • Law of Multiple Proportions
  • 2 elements forming more than 1 possible compound
  • Keep in smallest whole numbers

13
Lab 4 Periodic Properties
  • Objectives Measure densities and solubilities to
    look at trends in Periodic table.
  • Techniques Volume displacement, solubility
  • Data for Silicon on Chalkboard in Lab
  • Safety Barium (toxic), Acid GG _at_ all times
  • Formal Report CTD reporting, intervention

14
Chemical Bonding and Naming Compounds
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  • Origins of Element Names
  • Old Element Name Quiz
  • Fun Brain Element Quiz
  • Latin Names
  • Oxyrich Water
  • Oxyrich Website
  • Refuting Claim

15
Exit Slips
  • Atomic Structure
  • Draw an atomic model for a Beryllium-9 atom
  • Naming Compounds
  • Write the correct chemical formula/name for
  • Barium Nitrate
  • Diphosphorus Pentoxide
  • CuCl2
  • SeO2
  • General Comments
  • Anything confusing, Pace, Structure, Lighting,
    etc.

16
Exit Slips 1ST Week feedback
  • Congratulations! Youve survived the first week
    (really, the first 3 months) of Chemistry!
  • Now, for some feedback on a separate scrap of
    paper, please answer the following anonymously
  • 1) How does your current grade match your effort
    grade?
  • 2) What do you think of the current structure of
    the class? (Powerpoints, HW, Labs,
    Quizzes/Tests)
  • 3) What are some suggestions to make your next 2
    weeks even better? Any other comments?
  • Thanks Ill try to take these suggestions into
    account for our last 2 weeks. Great job so far!
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