Virus Infections of the Skin: Rashes

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Virus Infections of the Skin Rashes

• Viruses that cause maculo-papular rashes
• (flat to slightly raised colored bump)
• Measles virus (Rubeola)
• Rubella virus (German Measles)
• Roseola (Human Herpesvirus-6)
• Fifth Disease (Human Parvovirus B19)

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Measles

• Viral infection through aerosol droplet One of
  the MOST communicable viruses
• Initial infection of the oro-pharynx
• ? local infection (in neck) lymph node(s)
• ? lymphocyte associated viremia
• Fever, malaise
• ? Spread throughout the body
• ? Shed in respiratory tract secretions
• Kopliks spots
• Skin Rash
• ? Recovery life long immunity
• Effective childhood vaccine (2-3 doses) MMR
  (measles, mumps, rubella), but disease still
  exists worldwide

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An example of the rash of measles.
Note flat, reddened areas
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Rubella

• Viral infection through aerosol droplet systemic
  infection
• A Mild rash
• Serious for a fetus when contracted in the first
  trimester of pregnanacy
• Disrupts fetus development of the fetal CNS
  and/or other organs Congenital Rubella Syndrome
• Small birth weight, blindness, hearing loss,
  mental retardation, heart problems
• Infection lasts for months-years in the newborn
• Vaccine highly effective (MMR)

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Features for Measles and Rubella
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Measles World Wide

• Measles is the leading cause of
  vaccine-preventable death among children
• Millions of children still remain at risk from
  measles.
• In developed, measles death rates range from
  1-5, but among malnourished children, the death
  rate reaches 10-30
• Over 500,000 children under the age of five die
  each year.
• Measles causes health complications, including
  pneumonia, diarrhea, encephalitis, and corneal
  scarring.
• The primary reason for ongoing high childhood
  deaths is the failure to deliver at least one
  dose of measles vaccine to all infants.

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The Measles Vaccine Initiative 2001- American Red
CrossUnited Nations Foundation (UN
Foundation)United States Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC)World Health
Organization (WHO)United Nations Children's Fund
(UNICEF)
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Virus Infections of the Skin Vesicles

• Viruses that cause vesicular or pustular rash
• disease (elevated lesions filled with fluid)
• Smallpox (Human Pox virus)
• Cold Sores (Human Herpesvirus 1 and 2)
• (Herpes simplex)
• Chickenpox (Human Herpesvirus-3)

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Chickenpox

• Common virus decreasing disease in the USA due
  to effective childhood vaccine
• Benign disease with life long immunity
• Life-threatening for immunocompromised
  individuals
• Recuperation can result in life long benign
  Varicella-zoster virus latency
• May re-emerge as shingles (skin lesion) Should
  we vaccinate adults?

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Chickenpox virus in the body

• Viral infection through aerosol droplet systemic
  infection
• ? local infection (in neck) lymph node(s)
• ? lymphocyte associated viremia
• Fever, malaise
• ? Spread throughout the body
• ? Shed in respiratory tract secretions
• Skin Vesicles (small blisters of clear fluid)
• ? Recovery with virus latency in neurons
• ? Life long immunity
• May re-emerge as shingles and spread to others
  (skin vesicular lesions)

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Chicken pox reemerges as Shingles Causes
stress, X-ray treatments, drug therapy, or a
developing malignancy, or ?
Varicella-zoster virus reemergence as shingles
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Smallpox

• A disease with an interesting history
• Very infectious viral disease (epidemic)
• The disease has been eliminated due to world-wide
  vaccine program
• Vaccinia a Jennerian vaccine
• The virus has been preserved in government labs
  by agreement, at CDC in Atlanta, and in Russia
• Considered a bioterrorism agent

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Features of Chickenpox and Smallpox.
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Virus Infections of the Eye

• Viruses that infect the eye
• Herpesvirus Keratitis (Human Herpesvirus-1)

Adenovirus Keratitis
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Warts and Papillomas

• Benign Viral infection
• Nearly everyone is infected!
• Different virus types
• Plantar warts (HPV-1)
• Flat warts (HPV-3,10,28,49)
• Genital Warts (HPV 6,16,18,31)
• Contact transmission fomite transmission

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Common warts