When did the Civil War begin

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Pictures Tell the Story People and Events of The
U.S. Civil War
Photographs from the American Memory
Collection Library of Congress
PowerPoint by Gayle Lawrence, Librarian Sand
Springs Schools
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General Ulysses S. Grant General Robert E.
Lee
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When did the Civil War begin?
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• The first guns were fired on April 12, 1861.
• South Carolina opened fire on a U.S. fort in
  Charleston harbor.
• After Fort Sumter fell, President Lincoln called
  for 75,000 troops to put down the rebellion.
• The Civil War had begun.

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Charleston, S.C., Fort Sumter,
from the sand-bar
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How did the conflict over slavery increase
tensions between the North and the South?
Whitehall Street Auction and Slave Sales
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• Voices in North declare slavery barbaric
• South sees antislavery movement as threat to
  economy
• Novel, Uncle Toms Cabin, adds to tension
• Abolitionist, John Brown, attempts to start a
  slave revolt
• Lincoln, foe to slavery, elected President
• Seven Southern states secede.

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Poster for runaway slaves. 200 reward for
husband, wife, and 3 children
Certificate of Freedom for forty-two year-old
Harriet Bolling, freed by James Bolling in 1842.
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There were other names for the Civil War.
What were they?
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• War of Secession
• War Between the States
• War Between Brothers
• The Boys War

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• Families were divided
• Friends found themselves facing each other on the
  battlefield
• Four of Lincolns brothers-in-law served the
  Confederate cause

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Johnny Clem, age 9 Ran away from home to join the
U.S. Army
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George Custer with Rebel prisoner and former West
Point cadet, James B. Washington
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Were women allowed to serve during the Civil War?
Women in doorway of office of U.S. Christian
Commission, Washington, D.C.
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• Only men could enlist as soldiers.
• Women had to disguise as men in order to serve.
• An estimated 400 women fought in the war
  disguised as men.
• Other women used various disguises and risked
  their lives to spy for the cause.
• 18,200 women were employed in Union hospitals as
  matrons, nurses laundresses, and cooks.
• The Confederates employed 3,300 women in similar
  roles.

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Rose ONeal Greenhow, Confederate spy, was
imprisoned in Washingtons Old Capitol building.
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Nurses and officers
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What happened at the Battle of Antietam?
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• September 17, 1862 was the bloodiest day in our
  nations history.
• 26,000 soldiers were killed, wounded, or missing
  on that day at Antietam
• No single days casualties ever rose higher
  during the Civil War.

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Walt Whitmans Hospital Notebook
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Barn converted to hospital for wounded at Antietam
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Were there African American regiments in the
Civil War?
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• The first black regiment recruited in the North
  was the 54th Massachusetts Volunteers.
• By the end of the war, 1 out of every 8 Union
  soldiers was African American.
• About 200,000 African Americans served in the
  Union army 37,000 died
• Slaves who fled to Union lines were called
  contrabands.

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Company E
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The Gettysburg Address is considered one of the
greatest speeches of all time.
What did people think of the speech when it was
delivered on November 19, 1863?
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According to History.

• The speech is only two minutes long. Someone in
  the crowd asked, Is that all?
• A few newspapers described the speech as silly,
  dull, and commonplace.
• Most of the newspapers at the time liked the
  speech.
• The featured speaker, Edward Everett, said
  President Lincoln accomplished in two minutes
  what Everett tried to accomplish in two hours.

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How many were killed during the United States
Civil War?
Dead soldiers in a wheatfield, Gettysburg, PA
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• One out of every five soldiers was killed in
  battle or died in camp.
• There were more Americans killed in the Civil War
  than in World War I or World War II combined.
• At least 600,000 lives were lost.

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Soldiers Cemetery, Alexandria, VA
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Graves of Confederate soldiers, Richmond, VA
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When did the war end?
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• April 9, 1865 Lee surrenders to Grant. The
  war is over.
• Five days later, on April 14, 1865, President
  Lincoln is assassinated.
  
• Known as the Great Emancipator, Lincoln is the
  last great casualty of the war.

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What were the results of the Civil War?
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• Tragic loss of life
• Paid economic price, especially the South

• Bitterness between North South
• Changed the way of waging war
• End of Slavery
• Preservation of the Union

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With malice towards none with charity for all
with firmness in the right as God gives us to see
the right, let us strive on to finish the work we
are in to bind up the nations wounds to care
for him who shall have borne the battle and for
his widow, and his orphan - to do all which may
achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace
among ourselves, and with all nations.
Abraham Lincoln

March 4, 1865
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The End