Phys 214' Planets and Life

1
Phys 214. Planets and Life

• Dr. Cristina Buzea
• Department of Physics
• Room 259
• E-mail cristi_at_physics.queensu.ca
• (Please use PHYS214 in e-mail subject)
• Lecture 32. Final review
• April 2nd, 2008

2
Final exam structure

• Part A. 70 Multiple Choice Questions
• (1 mark each total 70 marks)
• 1 minute a question - total 70 minutes for this
  section
• You can choose to answer 5 extra questions for
  bonus marks!
• Part B. Choose two (of three)
• Explain a concept using a given figure (short
  answers)
• (2 x 10 marks 20 marks)
• 20 minutes on this section
• Part C. Choose one (of two)
• Calculations
• ( 10 marks)
• 10 minutes on this section
• 100 minutes 20 minutes to review
• Total Time 2 hours
• Total 100 marks (maximum)
• Dont forget to bring a calculator and a pencil
  with eraser!
• You are allowed to bring a dictionary.

3
Final exam structure - Answer sheet
The answers to multiple choice questions must be
on a separate answer sheet. You have to fill in
the circle corresponding to the correct answer.
4
Final exam content

• Lectures covered Lecture 1 to Lecture 31
• More questions from postmidterm
• Questions will also test knowledge included in
  the movie from Lecture 27.

5
Part A. Multiple choice questions

• Text boxed with red within the lectures is very
  important and may appear as a question.
• Dont get tricked by the multiple answers!
• Changes in the amount of carbon dioxide or other
  greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere would create
• A. major glaciations or greenhouse heating on
  Earth.
• B. Stripping of the ozone layer
• C. Changes in the magnetic field of Earth.
• D. All of the above.
• Which of the following statements is true?
• A. Being radiotolerant is a property of organisms
  capable of living in environments with very high
  levels of ultraviolet or cosmic radiation
• B. Being radiotolerant is a property of organisms
  capable of living in environments with very high
  levels of radio waves.
• C. None of the above.
• D. Both A and B.

6
Part A. Multiple choice questions

• Text boxed with red within the lectures is very
  important and may appear as a question.
• Dont get tricked by the multiple answers!
• Which of the following statements is true?
• A. The rise of oxygen created a crisis for life,
  many species probably went extinct, some survived
  by being underground.
• B. The rise of oxygen created an evolutionary
  adaptation of the metabolism of some organisms.
• C. None of the above
• D. Both A and B

7
Part A. Multiple choice questions

• Text boxed with red within the lectures is very
  important and may appear as a question.
• Some questions are straightforward!
• The most heat-tolerant hyperthermophile is the
  recently-discovered Strain 121 which has been
  able to double its population during 24 hours in
  an autoclave at
• A. 100C.
• B. 190C.
• C. 121C.
• D. 10C.

8
Part A. Multiple choice questions

• Text boxed with red within the lectures is very
  important and may appear as a question.
• Some questions are tricky!
• Which of the following statements is true?
• A. Branch lengths in the phylogenetic tree of
  life are a measure of the amount of genetic
  difference between different extinct species.
• B. Branch lengths in the phylogenetic tree of
  life are a measure of the amount of genetic
  difference between different extant species.
• C. Branch lengths in the phylogenetic tree of
  life are a measure of the amount of genetic
  difference between both extinct and extant
  species.
• D. None of the above
• You are allowed to bring a dictionary at the
  final exam!

9
Formulae you need to remember for the Phys 214
exam
You dont need to remember the values of the
constants. They will be given to you.
Tidal force
10
Part B. Explain a concept by using a figure (10
marks)
Example 1. Explain the figure below. Indicate
what it represents and explain each steps
corresponding to the arrows. Figure represents
A ? T ? C ? G ?
11
Explain a concept by using a figure (10 marks)
Example 1. Explain the figure below. Indicate
what it represents and explain each steps
corresponding to the arrows. Figure represents
a DNA strand (2 marks) A adenine (1 mark) T
thymine (1 mark) C cytosine (1 mark) G
guanine (1 mark)
(1 mark) (1 mark) (1 mark) (1 mark)
12
Explain a concept by using a figure (10 marks)
Example 2. Explain the figure below. Indicate
what it represents and explain each steps
corresponding to the arrows. Figure represents
A T C G
13
Explain a concept by using a figure (10 marks)
Example 2. Explain the figure below. Indicate
what it represents and explain each steps
corresponding to the arrows. Figure represents
DNA replication (2 marks) A adenine (1 mark) T
thymine (1 mark) C cytosine (1 mark) G
guanine (1 mark)
(1 mark) (1 mark) (1 mark)
(1 mark)
14
Explain a concept by using a figure (10 marks)
Example 3. Explain briefly the figure below.
Figure represents Ma The length of braches
are related to - Ages are estimated from - The
figure is based on (the genome of choice)- Show
the name of the branches on the figure
corresponding to the four arrows.
15
Explain a concept by using a figure (10 marks)
Example 3. Explain the figure below. Figure
represents the phylogenetic tree (tree of life)
(2 marks) Ma Million years ago (1
mark) The length of braches are related to -
evolutionary distance (1 mark) Ages are
estimated from - the fossil record and chemical
biomarkers (1 mark) The figures is based on (the
genome of choice)- small subunit ribosomal RNA
sequence (1 mark) Show the name of the branches
on the figure corresponding to the four arrows.
(1 mark)
(1 mark)
(1 mark)
root of the tree of life is the common ancestor
of all life on Earth
(1 mark)
16
Explain a concept by using a figure (10 marks)
Example 4. Explain the figure below. Figure
represents Indicate the In which environments
do these organisms exist? Name the concepts
corresponding to each arrow. Define the concepts
corresponding to each arrow.
17
Explain a concept by using a figure (10 marks)
Example 4. Explain the figure below. Figure
represents The growth rate of extremophiles
living under high pressure (2 marks) In which
environments do these organisms exist? on oceans
floors and deep lakes, in subsurface
rocks (2 marks) Barophiles (piezophile)
organisms which live in high pressure
environments. (1 mark) Barotolerants - able to
survive at high pressures, but can exist in less
extreme environments as well. (1
mark) Obligate barophiles - cannot survive in low
pressure environments. (1 mark)
1 mark 1 mark 1 mark
18
Explain a concept by using a figure (10 marks)
Example 5. Explain the figure below and define
the main concept. Figure represents Specify the
process corresponding to each arrow.
19
Explain a concept by using a figure (10 marks)
Example 5. Explain the figure below and define
the main concept. Figure represents The CO2
cycle rescues Earth from a snowball phase (2
marks) Snowball Earth severe, long-term cooling
periods during the Earths history. (1
mark) Specify the process corresponding to each
arrow.
1 mark 1 mark 1 mark 1 mark 1 mark
1 mark 1 mark
20
Explain a concept by using a figure (10 marks)
Example 6. Explain the figure below and define
the main concept. Figure represents Why Mars
has experienced wild swings in its axis tilt over
relatively short time periods?
21
Explain a concept by using a figure (10 marks)
Example 6. Explain the figure below and define
the main concept. Figure represents Mars
climate change due to its axis tilt (2
marks) Why Mars has experienced wild swings in
its axis tilt over relatively short time periods?
Because of its proximity to Jupiter and its lack
of a large moon. (2 marks)
When the axis tilt is high, the poles receives a
lot of sunlight, the CO2 ice sublimates. The
climate becomes warmer because the greenhouse gas
CO2 buildup in the atmosphere.
3 marks
When the axis tilt is small, the poles receives
little sunlight, the CO2 from the atmosphere
condenses into dry ice because of low
temperatures. The climate becomes cooler because
of less CO2 (greenhouse gas) in the atmosphere.
3 marks
22
Explain a concept by using the table (10 marks)

• Example 7. What planetary body from the Solar
  System is described by the data in this table?
• How likely is for life to exist on this planetary
  body? If yes, explain where?
• How likely is for this planetary body to have
  liquid water or water vapors? If yes where?
• How likely is for this planetary body to have
  water ice? If yes where?
• Specify 2 of the main characteristics of this
  planetary body?

Earth Mass (MEarth) 0.012
1 Orbital semimajor Axis (AU) 1 1 Orbital
inclination (o) 5.2 0 Orbital period (days) 27.3
365 Axial inclination (o) 6 23.5 Radius (km)
1738 6371 Density (x103kg m-3) 3.34 5.51 Surface
gravity (m s-2) 1.6 9.8 Atmospheric surface
pressure (bar) 10-14 1 Atmosphere
main component Ar, H2, He, Na N2, O2 Mean
surface T 250K (-23C) 288K (15C) Max surface
T 396K (123C) 310 (37C) Min surface T
40K (-233C) 260(-13C)
23
Explain a concept by using the table (10 marks)

• Example 7. What planetary body from the Solar
  System is described by the data in this table?
  Moon (2 marks)
• How likely is for life to exist on this planetary
  body? If yes, explain where? Unlikely. However
  bacteria from earth survived for three years on
  the Moon (2 mark)
• How likely is for this planetary body to have
  liquid water or water vapors? If yes where?
  Unlikely (2 mark)
• How likely is for this planetary body to have
  water ice? If yes where? in polar craters
  permanently shielded from Sun (2 mark)
• Specify 2 of the main characteristics of this
  planetary body? among the least-habitable bodies
  in the solar system.The only large moon of a
  terrestrial planet in our Solar System. (2 marks)

Moon Earth Mass (MEarth) 0.012
1 Orbital semimajor Axis (AU) 1 1 Orbital
inclination (o) 5.2 0 Orbital period (days) 27.3
365 Axial inclination (o) 6 23.5 Radius (km)
1738 6371 Density (x103kg m-3) 3.34 5.51 Surface
gravity (m s-2) 1.6 9.8 Atmospheric surface
pressure (bar) 10-14 1 Atmosphere
main component Ar, H2, He, Na N2, O2 Mean
surface T 250K (-23C) 288K (15C) Max surface
T 396K (123C) 310 (37C) Min surface T
40K (-233C) 260(-13C)
24
Explain a concept by using the table (10 marks)
Example 8. What planetary body from the Solar
System is described by the data in this table?
How likely is for life to exist on this
planetary body? If yes, explain where? How
likely is for this planetary body to have liquid
water or water vapors? If yes where? How likely
is for this planetary body to have water ice? If
yes where? Specify 2 of the main characteristics
of this planetary body?
Earth Mass (MEarth) 0.055
1 Escape velocity (km/s) 4.43 11.2 Orbital
semimajor axis (AU) 0.39 1 Orbital
inclination (o) 7 0 Orbital period (days) 88
365 Axial rotation (days) 58.6 0.997 Axial
inclination (o) 0.1 23.5 Radius (km)
2440 6371 Density (x103kg m-3) 5.43 5.51 Surface
gravity (m s-2) 3.7 9.8 Mean surface T (K)
443K (170C) 288K (15C) Max surface T(K) 700K
(427C) 310K (37C) Min surface T(K) 100K
(-173C) 260K (-13C) Atmospheric surface
pressure (bar) 10-15 1 Atmosphere O, Na, H2 N2,
O2
25
Explain a concept by using the table (10 marks)

• Example 8. What planetary body from the Solar
  System is described by the data in this table?
  Mercury (2 marks)
• How likely is for life to exist on this planetary
  body? If yes, explain where? Unlikely. (2 mark)
• How likely is for this planetary body to have
  liquid water or water vapors? If yes where?
  Unlikely (2 mark)
• How likely is for this planetary body to have
  water ice? If yes where? in polar craters
  permanently shielded from Sun (2 mark)
• Specify 2 of the main characteristics of this
  planetary body? The smallest of the terrestrial
  planets. Larger than most moons, but smaller than
  Jupiters moon Ganymede and Saturns moon Titan.
  (2 marks)

Mercury Earth Mass (MEarth)
0.055 1 Escape velocity (km/s)
4.43 11.2 Orbital semimajor axis
(AU) 0.39 1 Orbital inclination (o) 7 0 Orbital
period (days) 88 365 Axial rotation (days) 58.6
0.997 Axial inclination (o) 0.1 23.5 Radius
(km) 2440 6371 Density (x103kg
m-3) 5.43 5.51 Surface gravity (m s-2)
3.7 9.8 Mean surface T (K) 443K (170C) 288K
(15C) Max surface T(K) 700K (427C) 310K
(37C) Min surface T(K) 100K (-173C) 260K
(-13C) Atmospheric surface pressure
(bar) 10-15 1 Atmosphere O, Na, H2 N2, O2
26
Explain a concept by using the table (10 marks)

• Earth
• Mass (MEarth) 0.8 1
• Escape velocity (km/s) 10.4 11.2
• Orbital semimajor
• Axis (AU) 0.7 1
• Orbital inclination (o) 3.4 0
• Orbital period (days) 224 365
• Axial rotation (days) 243 0.997
• Axial inclination (o) 177 23.5
• Radius (km) 6052 6371
• Density (x103kg m-3) 5.2 5.51
• Surface gravity (m s-2) 8.9 9.8
• Mean surface T 733K (460C) 288K (15C)
• Atmospheric surface
• pressure (bar) 92 1
• Atmosphere CO2 N2, O2

• Example 9. What planetary body from the Solar
  System is described by the data in this table?
• How likely is for life to exist on this planetary
  body? If yes, explain where?
• How likely is for this planetary body to have
  liquid water or water vapors? If yes where?
• How likely is for this planetary body to have
  water ice?
• Specify 2 of the main characteristics of this
  planetary body?

27
Explain a concept by using the table (10 marks)

• Venus Earth
• Mass (MEarth) 0.8 1
• Escape velocity (km/s) 10.4 11.2
• Orbital semimajor
• Axis (AU) 0.7 1
• Orbital inclination (o) 3.4 0
• Orbital period (days) 224 365
• Axial rotation (days) 243 0.997
• Axial inclination (o) 177 23.5
• Radius (km) 6052 6371
• Density (x103kg m-3) 5.2 5.51
• Surface gravity (m s-2) 8.9 9.8
• Mean surface T 733K (460C) 288K (15C)
• Atmospheric surface
• pressure (bar) 92 1
• Atmosphere CO2 N2, O2

• Example 9. What planetary body from the Solar
  System is described by the data in this table?
  Venus (2 marks)
• How likely is for life to exist on this planetary
  body? If yes, explain where? Not very likely.
  Life could exist in the clouds containing water
  (2 mark)
• How likely is for this planetary body to have
  liquid water or water vapors? If yes where? It
  has water vapors in the atmosphere (2 mark)
• How likely is for this planetary body to have
  water ice? Unlikely. (2 mark)
• Specify 2 of the main characteristics of this
  planetary body? Venus is the only planet which
  spins backwards. Venus has a very high
  atmospheric pressure, the CO2 gas producing a
  strong greenhouse effect (2 marks)

28
Explain a concept by using the table (10 marks)
Earth Mass (MEarth) 0.107
1 Escape velocity (km/s) 5 11.2 Orbital
semimajor axis (AU) 1.52 1 Orbital
inclination (o) 1.9 0 Orbital period (days) 686
365 Axial rotation (days) 1.03 0.997 Axial
inclination (o) 25.2 23.5 Radius (km)
3390 6371 Density (x103kg m-3) 3.93 5.51 Surface
gravity (m s-2) 3.7 9.8 Mean surface T (K)
223K (-50C) 288K (15C) Max surface T(K) 293K
(20C) 310K (37C) Min surface T(K) 133K
(-140C) 260K (-13C) Atmospheric surface
pressure (bar) 6x10-3 1 Atmosphere 95 CO2,
2.7 N2 N2, O2
Example 10. What planetary body from the Solar
System is described by the data in this
table? How likely is for life to exist on this
planetary body? If yes, explain where? How
likely is for this planetary body to have liquid
water or water vapors? If yes where? How likely
is for this planetary body to have water ice?
Specify 2 of the main characteristics of this
planetary body?
29
Explain a concept by using the table (10 marks)
Mars Earth Mass (MEarth) 0.107
1 Escape velocity (km/s) 5 11.2 Orbital
semimajor axis (AU) 1.52 1 Orbital
inclination (o) 1.9 0 Orbital period (days) 686
365 Axial rotation (days) 1.03 0.997 Axial
inclination (o) 25.2 23.5 Radius (km)
3390 6371 Density (x103kg m-3) 3.93 5.51 Surface
gravity (m s-2) 3.7 9.8 Mean surface T (K)
223K (-50C) 288K (15C) Max surface T(K) 293K
(20C) 310K (37C) Min surface T(K) 133K
(-140C) 260K (-13C) Atmospheric surface
pressure (bar) 6x10-3 1 Atmosphere 95 CO2,
2.7 N2 N2, O2
Example 10. What planetary body from the Solar
System is described by the data in this table?
Mars (2 marks) How likely is for life to exist on
this planetary body? If yes, explain where? Very
likely. Life could exist in geologically active
areas where subsurface liquid water may be
available (2 mark) How likely is for this
planetary body to have liquid water or water
vapors? If yes where? It probably has subsurface
liquid water in geologically active areas. It has
water vapors in the atmosphere (2 mark) How
likely is for this planetary body to have water
ice? Very likely. It has residual polar caps made
of water ice. (2 mark) Specify 2 of the main
characteristics of this planetary body? Has
global dust storms as a result of the atmospheric
pressure differences between the poles due to the
sublimation CO2 gas. Olympus Mons probably the
largest volcano in the Solar system (2 marks)
30
Explain a concept by using the table (10 marks)

• Example 11. What planetary body from the Solar
  System is described by the data in this table? (2
  marks)
• How likely is for life to exist on this planetary
  body? If yes, explain where? (2 mark)
• How likely is for this planetary body to have
  liquid water or water vapors? If yes where? (2
  mark)
• How likely is for this planetary body to have
  water ice? (2 mark)
• Specify 2 of the main characteristics of this
  planetary body? (2 marks)

• Earth
• Mass (MEarth) 318 1
• Escape velocity (km/s) 59.5 11.2
• Orbital semimajor
• Axis (AU) 5.2 1
• Orbital inclination (o) 1.3 0
• Orbital period 11.8 years 365 days
• Axial rotation (days) 0.412 0.997
• Axial inclination (o) 3.1 23.5
• Radius (km) 70,000 6,371
• Density (x103kg m-3) 1.33 5.51
• Surface gravity (m s-2) 23 9.8
• Mean surface T 288K (15C)
• Cloud top T 120K (-153C)
• T at 1 bar pressure 165K (-108C)
• Satellites gt 39 1
• Atmosphere H2, He, (CH4) N2, O2

31
Explain a concept by using the table (10 marks)
Example 11. What planetary body from the Solar
System is described by the data in this table?
Jupiter (2 marks) How likely is for life to exist
on this planetary body? If yes, explain where?
Not very likely. Life could exist in the clouds
containing water that can form at a depth of
about 100 km. (2 mark) How likely is for this
planetary body to have liquid water or water
vapors? If yes where? It has water vapors in the
atmosphere (2 mark) How likely is for this
planetary body to have water ice? Likely, because
of its formation at a large distance from the Sun
that allowed ices to condense. (2 mark) Specify 2
of the main characteristics of this planetary
body? The largest planet in our Solar System. Has
a huge storm (the red spot) that lasted more than
300 years. (2 marks)

• Jupiter Earth
• Mass (MEarth) 318 1
• Escape velocity (km/s) 59.5 11.2
• Orbital semimajor
• Axis (AU) 5.2 1
• Orbital inclination (o) 1.3 0
• Orbital period 11.8 years 365 days
• Axial rotation (days) 0.412 0.997
• Axial inclination (o) 3.1 23.5
• Radius (km) 70,000 6,371
• Density (x103kg m-3) 1.33 5.51
• Surface gravity (m s-2) 23 9.8
• Mean surface T 288K (15C)
• Cloud top T 120K (-153C)
• T at 1 bar pressure 165K (-108C)
• Atmosphere H2, He, (CH4) N2, O2

32
Explain a concept by using the table (10 marks)
Example 12. What planetary body from the Solar
System is described by the data in this table?
How likely is for life to exist on this
planetary body? If yes, explain where? How
likely is for this planetary body to have liquid
water or water vapors? If yes where? How likely
is for this planetary body to have water ice?
Specify 2 of the main characteristics of this
planetary body?
Earth Mass (MEarth)
95 1 Escape velocity (km/s) 35 11.2 Orbital
semimajor Axis (AU) 9.5 1 Orbital inclination
(o) 2.5 0 Orbital period 29 years 365
days Axial rotation (days) 0.44 0.997 Axial
inclination (o) 26 23.5 Radius (km)
58,000 6,371 Density (x103kg m-3) 0.69 5.51 Surfa
ce gravity (m s-2) 9 9.8 Mean surface T
288K (15C) Cloud top T 89K
(-184C) T at 1 bar pressure 135K
(-138C) Atmosphere H2, He, (CH4) N2, O2
33
Explain a concept by using the table (10 marks)
Example 12. What planetary body from the Solar
System is described by the data in this table?
Saturn (2 marks) How likely is for life to exist
on this planetary body? If yes, explain where?
Not very likely. Life could exist in the clouds
containing water. (2 marks) How likely is for
this planetary body to have liquid water or water
vapors? If yes where? It has water vapors in the
atmosphere (2 mark) How likely is for this
planetary body to have water ice? Likely, because
of its formation at a large distance from the Sun
that allowed ices to condense. (2 mark) Specify 2
of the main characteristics of this planetary
body? The planet with the largest system of rings
in the Solar System. Has a hexagonal cloud
pattern at the North pole. (2 marks)
Saturn Earth Mass (MEarth)
95 1 Escape velocity (km/s) 35 11.2 Orbital
semimajor Axis (AU) 9.5 1 Orbital inclination
(o) 2.5 0 Orbital period 29 years 365
days Axial rotation (days) 0.44 0.997 Axial
inclination (o) 26 23.5 Radius (km)
58,000 6,371 Density (x103kg m-3) 0.69 5.51 Surfa
ce gravity (m s-2) 9 9.8 Mean surface T
288K (15C) Cloud top T 89K
(-184C) T at 1 bar pressure 135K
(-138C) Atmosphere H2, He, (CH4) N2, O2
34
Explain a concept by using the table (10 marks)
Example 13. What planetary body from the Solar
System is described by the data in this table?
How likely if for life to exist on this
planetary body? If yes, explain where? How
likely is for this planetary body to have liquid
water or water vapors? If yes where? How likely
is for this planetary body to have water ice?
Specify 2 of the main characteristics of this
planetary body?

• Earth
• Mass (MEarth) 14 1
• Escape velocity (km/s) 21 11.2
• Orbital semimajor
• Axis (AU) 19 1
• Orbital inclination (o) 0.8 0
• Orbital period 83 yr 365 days
• Axial rotation (days) 0.7 0.997
• Axial inclination (o) 97 23.5
• Radius (km) 25,360 6,371
• Density (x103kg m-3) 1.3 5.51
• Surface gravity (m s-2) 8.7 9.8
• Mean surface T 288K (15C)
• Cloud top T 53K (-220C)
• T at 1 bar pressure 75K (-198C)
• Atmosphere H2, He N2, O2

35
Explain a concept by using the table (10 marks)
Example 13. What planetary body from the Solar
System is described by the data in this table?
Uranus (2 marks) How likely if for life to exist
on this planetary body? If yes, explain where?
Not very likely. most likely be found in the
oceans of liquid ices beneath the surface. (2
marks) How likely is for this planetary body to
have liquid water or water vapors? If yes where?
It has an water-methane-ammonia ocean beneath the
surface. (2 mark) How likely is for this
planetary body to have water ice? Likely, because
of its formation at a large distance from the Sun
that allowed ices to condense. (2 mark) Specify 2
of the main characteristics of this planetary
body? magnetic dipole off center by 30 of
planets radius. Has strange water-methane-ammonia
oceans beneath the surface (2 marks)

• Uranus Earth
• Mass (MEarth) 14 1
• Escape velocity (km/s) 21 11.2
• Orbital semimajor
• Axis (AU) 19 1
• Orbital inclination (o) 0.8 0
• Orbital period 83 yr 365 days
• Axial rotation (days) 0.7 0.997
• Axial inclination (o) 97 23.5
• Radius (km) 25,360 6,371
• Density (x103kg m-3) 1.3 5.51
• Surface gravity (m s-2) 8.7 9.8
• Mean surface T 288K (15C)
• Cloud top T 53K (-220C)
• T at 1 bar pressure 75K (-198C)
• Atmosphere H2, He N2, O2

36
Explain a concept by using the table (10 marks)
Example 14. What planetary body from the Solar
System is described by the data in this
table? How likely if for life to exist on this
planetary body? If yes, explain where? How
likely is for this planetary body to have liquid
water or water vapors? If yes where? How likely
is for this planetary body to have water ice?
Specify 2 of the main characteristics of this
planetary body?

• Earth
• Mass (MEarth) 17 1
• Escape velocity (km/s) 23 11.2
• Orbital semimajor
• Axis (AU) 30 1
• Orbital inclination (o) 1.8 0
• Orbital period 163 yr 365 days
• Axial rotation (days) 0.6 0.997
• Axial inclination (o) 29 23.5
• Radius (km) 24,620 6,371
• Density (x103kg m-3) 1.6 5.51
• Surface gravity (m s-2) 11 9.8
• Mean surface T 288K (15C)
• Cloud top T 54K (-219C)
• T at 1 bar pressure 70K (-203C)
• Atmosphere H2, He N2, O2

37
Explain a concept by using the table (10 marks)
Example 14. What planetary body from the Solar
System is described by the data in this table?
Uranus (2 marks) How likely if for life to exist
on this planetary body? If yes, explain where?
Not very likely. most likely be found in the
oceans of liquid ices beneath the surface. (2
marks) How likely is for this planetary body to
have liquid water or water vapors? If yes where?
It has an water-methane-ammonia ocean beneath the
surface. (2 mark) How likely is for this
planetary body to have water ice? Likely, because
of its formation at a large distance from the Sun
that allowed ices to condense. (2 mark) Specify 2
of the main characteristics of this planetary
body? magnetic dipole off center by 30 of
planets radius. Has strange water-methane-ammonia
oceans beneath the surface (2 marks)

• Neptune Earth
• Mass (MEarth) 17 1
• Escape velocity (km/s) 23 11.2
• Orbital semimajor
• Axis (AU) 30 1
• Orbital inclination (o) 1.8 0
• Orbital period 163 yr 365 days
• Axial rotation (days) 0.6 0.997
• Axial inclination (o) 29 23.5
• Radius (km) 24,620 6,371
• Density (x103kg m-3) 1.6 5.51
• Surface gravity (m s-2) 11 9.8
• Mean surface T 288K (15C)
• Cloud top T 54K (-219C)
• T at 1 bar pressure 70K (-203C)
• Atmosphere H2, He N2, O2

38
Part C. Calculate

• Dont forget to define and explain every term
  appearing in the equation!
• Dont just write the equation!
• For examples of calculations, see the midtem
  review - Lecture 13

39
How to review for this exam

• Review the lectures (Lecture 2 Lecture 31)
• Remember boxed text!
• Remember equations!
• When you dont understand a concept, go to the
  textbook!
• Review important physical laws and concepts.
• Review important figures! (especially the ones
  containing text and schematics)
• Textbook should be the second edition of Life in
  the Universe
• The second edition is updated with the latest
  discoveries in astrobiology.
• Extremophiles are from lectures only.

40
Final exam

• Final exam on April 12th, 2008, at 1900,
• duration - 2 hours. Location Stirling D.
• (We are now in Stirling A! Stirling D is on the
  left as you exit!)
• Additional date
• Friday April 4th, at 1230, duration - 2 hours
• Location Room 501.
• Dont forget to bring a calculator, a pencil
  eraser
• to learn the formulae!
• Good luck!