ModelicaDymola

1
SystemDesign

• Modelica/Dymola
• a multidomain modelling and simulation
  environment for fuel cells?

2
Challenge

• easy to use models for several purposes (concept
  studies, design, optimisation, control design,
  HIL-Simulation, customer consulting, life cycle
  cost analysis, ..)
• various time scales and granularity of modules
• scales of dynamic behaviour (balance between
  details and speed)
• hybrid process (continuous and discreet)
• reuse and exchange of existing models
• model sharing

3
Benefits

• better understanding of behaviour and processes
  (complete analysis capabilities)
• faster design and evaluation of new concepts
• evaluation of critical states and limits
• multi-domain system integration
• multi-level simulation (same component
  different views)
• model exchange and modelling network

4
Multidomain Modelling
Multidomain-Model
Specialised Tools Interfaces
Modelling by Uniform Language
Equations
Multiports
Blocks
System Dynamics
Excel Matlab ACSL
Simulink
STELLA BerkeleyMadonna Powersim Vensim
Modelica VHDL-AMS
5
System Dynamics vs. Signal Flow Modelling

• Example
• mass of the incoming freight car 60 t
• mass of the resting freight car 30 t
• velocity 3 m/s
• four buffers with spring and friction (105 mm,
  30 kN, 600 kN, 200 kN)
• brakes not applied

6
System Dynamics
7
Signal Flow (Simulink)
8
Physics of Dynamical Systems

• area quantity potential
• gravitation mass gravitational
• hydraulics volume pressure
• mechanics
• translational momentum velocity
• rotational angular moment. angular velocity
• thermodynamics entropy temperature
• electricity charge electrical
• chemistry am. of substance chemical

9
dynamic systems
information energy momentum, angular
momentum electric charge entropy mass, amount
of substance
exchange of
system states processes
10
Multiport Modelling
System equations states
thermal connection (temperature, heat)
mechanical connection (v, p w, L p, V)
electrical connection (U, Q)
1/s
11
Hierarchical Aggregation
Structured process model
hierarchical aggregation
Idee und Schaubild von R. Hanke, M. Mangold
und K. Sundmacher Max-Planck-Institut für Dynamik
komplexer Systeme Magdeburg
Storage level library
Virtual fuel cell lab
12
VHDL-AMS vs. Modelica resistor
model Resistor einfacher Widerstand pin p,
n parameter SI.Resistance R 5 protected
SI.Voltage v equation v p.v n.v p.i
n.i 0 v Rp.i end Resistor connector
pin SI.Voltage v flow SI.Current i end pin

• entity Resistor is
• port (terminal p, n electrical)
• generic (R REAL 5)
• end Resistor
• architecture R1 of Resistor is
• quantity vR across iR through p to n
• begin
• vR RiR
• end R1
• nature electrical is
• voltage across
• current through

13

• object orientated modelling language
• hierarchically structured
• support effective library development and model
  exchange
• non causal modelling (differential, algebraic and
  discrete equation)
• for multi domain modelling (hydraulics,
  mechanics, electronic, thermodynamics, control
  engineering, )
• open source (www.modelica.org)

14
Dymola
15
Related Tools

• Dymola-Simulink Interface
• A Modelica model can be converted into a
  S-function block
• IDA indoor climate and energy from Equa
• Equa is working towards making IDA Simulation
  Environment fully Modelica compatible

16
Examples

• HIL-Simulation of the Hydraulcs and Mechanics of
  on Automatic Gearbox (BMW)
• Modelica Application for Camless Engine
  Valvetrain Development (Ford)
• Modeling und Simulation of Refrigeration Systems
  with the Natural Refrigerant CO2 (Airbus)
• Simulation of Thermal Building Behaviour in
  Modelica (Uni Kaiserslautern)
• Modeling of Hybrid Electric Vehicles in Modelica
  for Virtual Prototyping (Uni Gothenburg)
• The Modelica Flight Dynamics Library (DLR)

17
KTI-Projek Nr. 6225.1

• Auflaufsimulation von Personen- und Güterzügen
• Ziel Modelica-Bibliothek zur Optimierung von
  Kupp-lungsvorgängen, Analyse des
  Schwingungsverhaltens und Beurteilung der
  Kollisionssicherheit
• Umfang
• KTI-Beitrag 200000.-
• Eigenleistung Schwab AG 260000.-
• Eigenleistung LEC 20000.-
• Cash Schwab AG 20000.-