Parasites

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Parasites Pests
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Definitions

• Parasite
• Living organism
• ECTO outside, ENDOinside
• Lives on, in, with a HOST another living
  organism
  
• Obtains nutrients, sustenance from host
• May damage host (injury, malnutrition, disease)
• Zoonosis
• disease or parasite transmissible from an animal
  species to humans (plural zoonoses)
  

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Parasites of Interest

• Parasites
• Insects (flies, mosquitoes, lice, FLEAS)
• Arachnids (MITES, ticks, spiders)
• Nematodes (rounds, hooks, HEARTWORM)
• Flatworms cestodes TAPEWORMS
• Information
• Defining physical characteristics
• Lifecycles of general interest
• Disease or damage of concern
• Control

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Insects

• Defining characteristics
• Body parts
• Head 1 pair of antennae
• Thorax 3 pair of legs, wings
• Abdomen
• Lifecycle (4 stages)
• egg ? larva ? pupa ? adult
• MAGGOT Ectoparasite

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Insects flies

• True fly
• Maggots tissue damage (fly strike)
• Adults diseases, damage (fly bite), blood loss
• Mosquito
• Tissue damage, blood loss
• Transmission
• Parasites heartworm (dogs, cats, people)
• Viruses West Nile, ETC!
• Allergies antigen transmission
• Control environment, repellants

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Insects lice, fleas

• Lice
• Defining characteristics
• No wings, may be biting or sucking type
• Lifecycle species specific!
• Damage itch, loss of hair blood
• FLEAS
• Defining characteristics no wings, JUMP!
• Lifecycle 2 wks 4 mos (more?)
• Damage itch, BLOOD LOSS, TAPEWORMS

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Fleas

• Blood loss
• 200 fleas suck 1/2 tsp (3 ml) blood daily
• 40 kg Golden retriever has 3200 ml of blood
• 200 fleas would take 1 year to cause serious
  anemia
  
• (3 yrs to drain all the blood)
• 4 kg puppy or adult cat has 320 ml of blood
• 200 fleas would take 1 month to cause serious
  anemia or death (3 months to drain all the
  blood)
  
• Tapeworms
• Flea abdomen provides development site
• Larval worm hatches out of ingested flea
• Control topical, environmental

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Arachnids

• MITES, ticks, spiders scorpions
• Defining characteristics
• Body 2 parts
• Cephalothorax 4 pairs of legs, no antennae, no
  wings
  
• Abdomen
• Lifecycle
• egg ? larva (6) ? nymph (6) ? adult (8)

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Arachnids

• MITES
• Diseases, damage, zoonoses?
• Hair, feather loss
• Skin open to infection
• Immune function
• Sarcoptes contagious
• Demodex everywhere
• Control
• Sanitation
• Control breeding?

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Arachnids

• More mites
• Cats and dogs ear mites (Otodectes spp)
• Treatments often need to repeat
• Control sanitation, early treatment
• Cats walking dandruff Cheyletiella spp
• Treatments often need to repeat
• Zoonotic look at elastic lines or belt lines

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Arachnids

• Ticks
• Defining characteristics
• Hard or soft body types
• Can be MULTI host parasites
• Eggs in environment
• May use different host for each life stage
• Diseases
• Lyme, Rocky Mtn spotted fever, ehrlichiosis, tick
  paralysis
  
• Control tick removal, environment control

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Arachnids

• Spiders, scorpions
• size matters (for the victim)
• Diseases, damage, zoonoses
• Spiders bite paralysis, wound damage, death
• Brown recluse
• Scorpions bite spasms, paralysis, death
• Control environment, avoidance

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Nematodes

• Roundworms (ascarids, Toxocara)
• Zoonotic potential larval migrans
• Transmission prenatal, oral (milk, eggs, animal
  tissues)
  
• Disease GI upset, diarrhea, bloat, obstruction
• Control sanitation, routine deworming (include
  mother!)

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Nematodes

• Hookworms
• Zoonotic potential larval migrans (skin)
• Transmission prenatal, oral (milk, larva), skin
• Disease blood loss dehydration, diarrhea
  (tarry, bloody), wt loss (or no dz)
  
• Control sanitation, treat dzd, ? crowding,
  ?nutrition
  

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Nematodes

• Heartworm (Dirofilaria) dogs cats
• Control monthly prevention, mosquito control

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World Heartworm
Jan 2000
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Flatworms cestodes TAPEWORMS

• Defining characteristics
• 3 body parts scolex (to hang on), neck, strobila
  (made of segments called proglottids)
  
• Lifecycle
• Flea is required as intermediate host
• Diseases, damage
• ? nutrition of host, weight loss, death
• GI upset, impaction?, scooting
• Control treatment, flea control

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