Daily Objectives

1
Daily Objectives

• Demonstrate the types of movements at synovial
  joints.
• Explain the role of cartilage, synovial fluid,
  fat pads, ligaments, tendons, and bursae in the
  formation and function of articulations.
• Compare the major types of articulations.
• Identify and describe selected articulations of
  the body with respect to the bones that enter
  into their formation, structural classification,
  and anatomical components.

2
Joints (Articulations)

• Weakest parts of the skeleton
• Articulation site where two or more bones meet
• Functions of joints
• Give the skeleton mobility
• Hold the skeleton together

3
Classification of Joints Structural vs.
Functional

• Structural material

• Functional movement

• Fibrous
• Cartilaginous
• Synovial

• Synarthroses immovable
• Amphiarthroses slightly movable
• Diarthroses freely movable

4
Fibrous Structural Joints

• The bones are joined by fibrous tissues
• There is no joint cavity
• Most are immovable
• There are three types sutures, syndesmoses, and
  gomphoses

5
Fibrous Joints
Suture
Gomphoses
Syndesmosis
6
Cartilaginous Joints
7
Synovial Joints

• Those joints in which the articulating bones are
  separated by a fluid-containing joint cavity
• All are freely movable diarthroses
• Examples all limb joints, and most joints of
  the body

8
Synovial Joints General Structure
Figure 8.3a, b
9
Gliding Movements

• One flat bone surface glides or slips over
  another similar surface
• Examples intercarpal and intertarsal joints,
  and between the flat articular processes of the
  vertebrae

10
Angular Movement

• Flexion bending movement that decreases the
  angle of the joint
• Extension reverse of flexion joint angle is
  increased
• Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion up and down
  movement of the foot

11
Angular Movement

• Abduction movement away from the midline
• Adduction movement toward the midline
• Circumduction movement describes a cone in space

12
Gliding Movement
Figure 8.5a
13
Angular Movement
Figure 8.5b
14
Angular Movement
Figure 8.5c, d
15
Angular Movement
Figure 8.5e, f
16
Rotation

• The turning of a bone around its own long axis
• Examples
• Between first two vertebrae
• Hip and shoulder joints

Figure 8.5g
17
Special Movements

• Supination and pronation
• Inversion and eversion
• Protraction and retraction
• Elevation and depression
• Opposition

18
Special Movements
Figure 8.6a
19
Special Movements
Figure 8.6b
20
Special Movements
Figure 8.6c
21
Special Movements
Figure 8.6d
22
Special Movements
Figure 8.6e