Perspective

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Perspective!!!

• Igor Juricevic John M. Kennedy

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Outline

• Basics of perspective
• What is perspective?
• Why study perspective?
• Why study perspective pictures?
• Experiments 1-4
• The ART theory
• Is the ART theory general across observer
  position?
• Is the ART theory general across eye-height?
• Is the ART theory general across object
  orientation?

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What is perspective?

• Leonardo
• Perspective is nothing else than seeing a place
  or objects behind a plane of glass, quite
  transparent, on the surface of which the objects
  behind the glass are to be drawn.

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What is perspective?
from Taylor (1719)
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What is perspective?
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Why study perspective?

• Perspective is the basic geometry of the visual
  system
• Determines the information available to the
  visual system

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Why study perspective pictures?

• Reason 1 explain picture perception
• Since the Renaissance paradoxes concerning
  picture perception have plagued the consciousness
  of mankind
• Explanations by
• Leonardo da Vinci
• Albert Einstein
• other guys
• have all FAILED!!!

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Reason 1 explain picture perception
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Reason 1 explain picture perception
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Reason 1 explain picture perception
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Reason 1 explain picture perception
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Why study perspective pictures?

• Reason 1 explain picture perception
• Reason 2 explain spatial perception

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Reason 2 explain spatial perception

• The assumption
• There is nothing special about picture perception
• Picture Perception Everyday Perception
• So, a theory that can account for picture
  perception will account for everyday perception
  as well
• But
• Why not just study Everyday Perception?

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Reason 2 explain spatial perception

• Why not just study everyday perception?
• Newtonian Physics vs. Einsteins Physics

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Reason 2 explain spatial perception

• Why not just study everyday perception?
• Everyday perception will give you a Newtonian
  Physics theory of vision
• Picture perception may give you an Einsteins
  Physics theory of vision
• Why? Because you can put people in novel
  situations
• i.e., you can have the observer at the wrong
  vantage point

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The ART theory
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Experiment 1
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Experiment 1
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Experiment 1
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Experiment 1
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Experiment 1
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Experiment 1
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Experiment 1
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Experiment 1
Observer is TOO FAR
Observer is TOO CLOSE
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Observer is TOO FAR
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Observer is TOO FAR
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Observer is TOO FAR
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Observer is JUST RIGHT
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Observer is TOO CLOSE
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Observer is TOO CLOSE
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Observer is TOO CLOSE
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The ART theory

• The Angles and Ratios Together theory
• Angles
• Angle from the Normal
• Ratios
• Visual Angle ratios
• Together
• Together

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The ART theory
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The ART theory Angle from the Normal
D
C
A
B
O
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The ART theory Visual Angle Ratio (Side/Bottom)
D
C
A
B
O
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The ART theory
The ART Theory Ranges
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The ART theory

• Able to account for Experiment 1
• Can it generalize to other situations?
• Like

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The ART theory

• Changes in observer position?

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The ART theory

• Changes in observer position?

YES
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The ART theory

• Changes in eye-height?

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High
Mid
Low
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The ART theory

• Changes in eye-height?

YES
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The ART theory

• Changes in orientation?

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Observer is TOO FAR
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Observer is TOO FAR
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Observer is TOO FAR
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Observer is JUST RIGHT
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Observer is TOO CLOSE
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Observer is TOO CLOSE
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Observer is TOO CLOSE
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The ART theory

• Changes in orientation?

MAYBE
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Conclusions

• The ART theory begins to explain some of the
  paradoxes of picture perception
• The ART theory can be applied to perception of
  the real world (i.e., Everyday Perception)
• May need to add factors to ART theory to deal
  with orientation

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Thank you.