Deep Lexical Semantics: Homework Example

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Deep Lexical SemanticsHomework Example

• Jerry R. Hobbs
• USC/ISI
• Marina del Rey, CA

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Pick a Domain

• A coherent cluster of concepts
• e.g., weather, furniture, employment,
  streets roads
• Conversations with an artifact
• e.g., VCR, toaster, refrigerator, car
• Abstract image schemas
• e.g., motion, force, balance
• .....

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Pick 5-10 words in your domain
e.g., Streets and Roads street, road,
highway, drive, ride
Pick a corpus
e.g., news source, Google
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Find 10-20 examples of eachword in a corpus
drive See Lecture 1 road The Greyhound and
White Bus Lines use the Forks Falls Road which is
three miles away. It was said that if Miss Amelia
so much as stumbled over a rock in the road she
would glance around instinctively as though
looking for something to sue about it. One of the
twins, who had been looking down the empty
road,was the first to speak. The moon made dim,
twisted shadows of the blossoming peach trees
along the side of the road. While they were
waiting there, a dog from one of the houses down
the road began a wild, hoarse howl that
continued until a voice called out and hushed
him. A bridge was to be built some ten miles down
the road. "All roads lead to recovery, just as
all roads led to Rome in the heyday of that
ancient empire," says Robert Brusca, chief
economist at Nikko Securities International.
"But which road we take on the path to
recovery makes a great deal of difference.
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL OPPORTUNITIES INC. leased
28,660 square feet of research and
development space at 1445-1447 Old Oakland Road,
San Jose, from Jack Morgan and Tony
Guerra. The Roadmaster sedan, with a 5.7-liter
engine, pulls 5,000 pounds and is rated at 16 mpg
in the city and 25 mpg on the road. On the
dashboard were roadmaps of Mexico. But every time
the road got rocky, you'd look at me and say,
You had all you needed long as I was there with
you.
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Word Senses

• For each of your words
• How many senses in your data? -- 3
• What is the radial structure of
• the senses?
• Which senses belong in your
• domain?

x drives y
x forcefully causes y to move
x causes y to move in particular direction
x forcefully causes there to be y hard bargain
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What are the Facts?
What facts about the words/concepts are required
to understand the examples?
The Greyhound and White Bus Lines use the Forks
Falls Road which is three miles away. ROADS FORM
A SYSTEM THAT IS LAID ACROSS A REGION TO PERMIT
VEHICLES AND PEOPLE TO MOVE FROM ONE PLACE
TO ANOTHER It was said that if Miss Amelia so
much as stumbled over a rock in the road she
would glance around instinctively as though
looking for something to sue about it. ROADS ARE
SMOOTH IN ORDER TO MAKE TRAVEL EASIER One of the
twins, who had been looking down the empty
road,was the first to speak. VEHICLES AND PEOPLE
TRAVEL ON ROADS The moon made dim, twisted
shadows of the blossoming peach trees along the
side of the road. VARIOUS ENTITIES ARE LOCATED
ALONG ROADS (TREES) While they were waiting
there, a dog from one of the houses down the road
began a wild, hoarse howl that continued
until a voice called out and hushed him. VARIOUS
ENTITIES ARE LOCATED ALONG ROADS (HOUSES)
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What are the Facts?
A bridge was to be built some ten miles down the
road. A BRIDGE IS A PORTION OF THE ROAD CROSSING
A CONCAVE BARRIER (RIVER) "All roads lead to
recovery, just as all roads led to Rome in the
heyday of that ancient empire," says Robert
Brusca, chief economist at Nikko Securities
International. "But which road we take
on the path to recovery makes a great deal of
difference. ROADS LEAD TO DESTINATIONS PEOPLE
WANT TO GET TO. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL
OPPORTUNITIES INC. leased 28,660 square feet of
research and development space at 1445-1447
Old Oakland Road, San Jose, from Jack Morgan and
Tony Guerra. VARIOUS ENTITIES ARE LOCATED
ALONG ROADS (BUILDINGS) The Roadmaster sedan,
with a 5.7-liter engine, pulls 5,000 pounds and
is rated at 16 mpg in the city and 25 mpg
on the road. ROADS GO THROUGH THE COUNTRYSIDE On
the dashboard were roadmaps of Mexico. ROADS
CONSTITUTE A COMPLEX NETWORK THROUGH A REGION
ENABLING VEHICLES AND PEOPLE TO MOVE FROM ONE
PLACE TO ANOTHER But every time the road got
rocky, you'd look at me and say, You had all
you needed long as I was there with you. ROADS GO
TO DESTINATIONS PEOPLE WANT TO GET TO. ROADS ARE
SMOOTH TO MAKE TRAVEL EASIER.
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What are the Facts?
STREETS AND ROADS FORM A SYSTEM THAT IS LAID
ACROSS A REGION TO ENABLE VEHICLES AND
PEOPLE TO MOVE FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER VARIOUS
ENTITIES ARE LOCATED ALONG STREETS AND ROADS
(TREES, HOUSES, BUILDINGS) STREETS AND
ROADS GO TO DESTINATIONS PEOPLE WANT TO GET
TO. STREETS AND ROADS ARE SMOOTH IN ORDER TO
MAKE TRAVEL EASIER ROADS GO THROUGH THE
COUNTRYSIDE A BRIDGE IS A PART OF A STREET OR
ROAD CROSSING A CONCAVE BARRIER (RIVER)
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Concepts and Domains
CONCEPTS COMPOSITE ENTITIES SYSTEM,
PART SPACE 0D, 1D, 2D GEOGRAPHY REGION,
LOCATION, TREE, HOUSE, BUILDING, RIVER,
COUNTRYSIDE CAUSALITY
ENABLE, EASY MOBILE OBJECTS VEHICLES,
PEOPLE MOTION MOVE, DESTINATION, SMOOTH,
STREETS AND ROADS STREET, ROAD, BRIDGE, DRIVE,
RIDE
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Construct a Theory or Ontologyof your Domain
What kinds of entities are there? What kinds of
properties do they have? What kinds of relations
are there among them? How do these properties
and relations (states) change, i.e., what
kinds of events are there? What causal relations
are there among these states and events?
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Ontology
ENTITIES 0D FixedObj Building, House,
Tree, ... 0D MobileObj Vehicle, Human
1D Route Street, Road, Bridge, ... 2D
Region City, Countryside PROPERTIES
Route smooth RELATIONS FixedObj x Route
PermLocatedOn -- LeadsTo MobileObj x Route
TempLocatedOn FixedObj x MobileObj
DestinationOf Route x Route partOf, crosses
FixedObj x Region in Route x Region
through EVENTS move change(TempLocatedOn)
CAUSAL RELATIONS enable(smooth(Route),
move(Vehicle)) drive(Human, Vehicle)
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Some Simple Axioms
(A x)Building(x) -- FixedObj(x) (A x)
FixedObj(x) -- 0D(x) (A x) Vehicle(x) --
MobileObj(x) (A x) Human(x) --
MobileObj(x) (A x) MobileObj(x) -- 0D(x) (A
x) Street(x) -- Route(x) (A x) Road(x) --
Route(x) (A x) Route(x) -- 1D(x) (A x)
Countryside(x) -- Region(x) (A x) Region(x)
-- 2D(x)
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Some More Complicated Axioms
Regions have fixed objects in them (A
x)Region(x) -- (E y)FixedObj(y)
in(y,x) Regions have routes through them
(A x)Region(x) -- (E y)Route(y)
through(y,x) A road is a route through the
countryside (A x)Road(x)
(E y)Route(x) Countryside(y)
through(x,y) A bridge is part of a route
(A x)bridge(x) -- (E y)Route(y)
partOf(x,y)
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Some Even More Complicated Axioms
The smoothness of a route enables a mobile object
to move from one fixed object to
another (A x,e1)route(x)
smooth(e1,x) -- (E
e2,y,z,w)enable(e1,e2) move(e2,y,z,w)

MobileObj(y) FixedObj(z)
FixedObj(w) For a
human to drive is for the human to cause a
vehicle to move from one fixed object
to another on a route (A x,y)drive(x,y)
(E r,z,w,e1)Human(x)
Vehicle(y) Route(r)
FixedObj(z) FixedObj(w)

cause(x,e1) move(e1,y,z,w)
permLocatedOn(z,r)

permLocatedOn(z,r)
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Grading Criteria

• Insight and elegance of analysis of domain
• precision of analysis
• precision of notation
• but all of these help