Functional Groups in Hydrocarbon Chains:

1
Functional Groups in Hydrocarbon Chains

• Groups consisting of N, C, and/or O
• Named according to their functional group

2
Alcohols

• Hydrocarbon with an -OH (hydroxyl group)
  branching from the chain.
• Name as hydrocarbon chain with
• -ol at the end.
• A number must preceed the name indicating where
  the OH group is located unless it is on the
  first carbon.

3
2-pentanol
4
2,5-heptanediol
5
2,5-hexenediol
6
Amines

• Hydrocarbon chain has an NH2 (amine group)
  branching from the chain.
• Name as a hydrocarbon chain with
• amine at the end.
• A number must preceed the name indicating where
  the NH2 group is located unless it is on the
  first carbon.

7
propamine
8
3-hexamine
9
Ketones

• Hydrocarbon chain with CO (carbonyl group)
  branching from the chain.
• Name as a hydrocarbon chain
• with one at the end.
• A number must preceed the name indicating where
  the CO group is located unless it is on the
  first carbon.

10
butanone
11
3-heptanone
12
3-cyclobutyl-octanone
13
Esters

• Hydrocarbon chain with CO(carbonyl group) and
  an -O- in
• the middle separating the chain.
• Name as 2 hydrocarbon chains
• with oate at the end.
• (two separate words)

14
Methyl butanoate
15
Propyl hexanoate
16
Ethers

• Hydrocarbon chain with O- in
• the middle separating the chain.
• Name as 2 hydrocarbon chains
• with ether at the end.
• (three separate words)

17
Butyl methyl ether
18
Ethyl hexenyl ether
19
Aldehydes

• Hydrocarbon with CO (carbonyl group) group in
  the end of the chain.
• (this is really a ketone but at the end of the
  chain!)
• Name as hydrocarbon chain with
• -aldehyde at the end.

20
butaldehyde
21
2-hexenaldehyde
22
Carboxylic acids

• Hydrocarbon chain with CO (carbonyl group) and
  C-OH (carboxyl group) at the end of the chain.
• Name as a hydrocarbon chain
• with oic acid at the end.

23
Decanoic acid
24
2-methyl-pentanoic acid