Nerve activates contraction

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Fungi (Chapter 31)
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Pink ear rot of corn
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Fungi
Are they always a nuisance?
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Death Cap (Amanita phalloides)
Shaggy Mane (Coprinus comatus)
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MycorrhizaeFungus living in a mutualistic
symbiosis with plant roots
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Budding yeast
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Fungal production of an antibiotic
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Psilocybes
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Dutch Elm Disease
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Mold in the shower
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Decomposers
Mycology Study of Fungi
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31.2 Structure of a multicellular fungus
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Septate hyphae (left) and nonseptate (coenocytic)
hyphae (right)
31.3
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31.13 A fairy ring
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Fungi may be

• Saprobes (absorb nutrients from dead organic
  material)
• Parasites (absorb nutrients from live organic
  material)

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31.20 Examples of fungal diseases of plants
Black stem rust on wheat (left), ergots on rye
(right)
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Strawberries with Botrytis mold, a plant
parasitic fungus
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Fungi may be

• Saprobes (absorb nutrients from dead organic
  material)
• Parasites (absorb nutrients from live organic
  material)
• Predators

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31.4 Specialized fungal hyphae
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Fungi may be

• Saprobes (absorb nutrients from dead organic
  material)
• Parasites (absorb nutrients from live organic
  material)
• Predators
• Mutualistic symbionts

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Lichens
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31.24Anatomy of a lichen
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Anatomy of a lichen
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MycorrhizaeFungus living in a mutualistic
symbiosis with plant roots
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31.21 An experimental test of the benefits of
mycorrhizae (soybean plants)
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31.22 Fungal-animal mutualistic symbiosis Leaf
cutting ants depend on fungi to convert plant
material into ant food. Ants feed the fungi the
leaves
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Which of the following statements is sufficient
by itself to identify an unknown organism as
belonging to the kingdom Fungi?

• It is multicellular and non-photosynthetic.
• It has cell walls and reproduces by spores.
• It has filamentous growth and obtains its food by
  absorption.
• It has prokaryotic cells, and cell walls made of
  chitin.
• It is unicellular and eukaryotic.

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31.5 Generalized life cycle of fungi
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Deuteromycetes (imperfect fungi)

• Fungi without known sexual stages that cannot
  (yet) be classified.

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31.4Phylogeny of fungi
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31.10 Chytridiomycota (chytrids)
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31.4Phylogeny of fungi
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The common mold Rhizopus decomposing strawberries
Conjugating Fungi
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31.12 The life cycle of the zygomycete Rhizopus
(black bread mold)
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Young zygosporangium
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Mature zygosporangium
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Pilobolus
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31.4Phylogeny of fungi
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Glomeromycetes Arbuscular mycorrhizae with
hyphae tips that push into plant roots and branch
into tiny tree-like structures
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31.4Phylogeny of fungi
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Sac Fungi Ascomycetes - Life cycle (31.17)
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Antheridia
Developing asci
Mature ascus with ascospores
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Budding yeast
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31.9. Ascomycetes (sac fungi)
Scarlet cup
Truffles
Morel
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A moldy orange (left), Penicillium (right)
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31.4Phylogeny of fungi
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31.12 The life cycle of a mushroom-forming
basidiomycete
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Gills (reproduction)
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31.11 Basidiomycetes (club fungi) Greville's
bolete (top left),turkey tail (bottom left),
stinkhorn (right)
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Coprinus comatus, Shaggy Mane
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Amanita
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Table 31.1Review of Fungal Phyla
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What is the fungal process that has the opposite
effect on chromosome number than the effect of
meiosis?

• Mitosis
• Plasmogamy
• Crossing over
• Binary fission
• Karyogamy