PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

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PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

• Testing procedure to evaluate
• Abilities
• Behaviors
• Personal qualities
• Individual differences
• Different
• Similar

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INTERVIEW

• Types
• Unstructured
• Structured
• Accuracy
• Rating scales
• Halo effect

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PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING

• Sample of behavior
• Given point in time

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Psychometrics

• The measurement of mental abilities, traits and
  processes.

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APTITUDE AND ACHIEVEMENT

• Aptitude tests predict a persons capacity for
  learningStanford-Binet and Wechsler
• Achievement tests measure what you have already
  learned

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• Standardization - the process of giving the test
  to a large group of people that represents the
  kind of people for whom the test is designed.
• Validity - the degree to which a test actually
  measures what its supposed to measure.
• Reliability - the tendency of a test to produce
  the same scores again and again each time it is
  given to the same people.

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ntelligence
Ability to learn from experience, acquire knowledg
e and adapt
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Alfred Binet Theodore Simon

• 1881 Compulsory school attendance
• 1904 Predict student performance
• 1905 First useful test of general mental
  ability
• Mental age
• Reasoning problem solving
• Related to chronological age

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STANFORD-BINET

• Lewis Terman Stanford
• Standardized 2300 white, native-born
• 1916
• MA mental age
• Basal Age
• Ceiling Age
• IQ MA/CA X 100

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WECHSLER ADULT INTELLIGENCE SCALE

• David Wechsler
• Divided
• Verbal Information, Similarities,
• Vocabulary, Arithmetic
• Performance Picture completion,
• Block design, Object
• assembly

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DEVIATION IQs

• Representative standardization group
• Divided into 7 age subgroups
• Compute means standard deviations
• Locate subjects precisely within the normal
  distribution (Bell-Shaped Curve)

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• Deviation IQ scores - assumes that IQ is normally
  distributed around a mean of 100 with a standard
  deviation of about 15.

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NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
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NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
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Mental Retardation

• Developmentally delayed - condition in which a
  persons behavioral and cognitive skills exist at
  an earlier developmental stage than the skills of
  others who are the same chronological age. A more
  acceptable term for mental retardation.
• Mental retardation or developmental delay is a
  condition in which IQ falls below 70 and adaptive
  behavior is severely deficient for a person of a
  particular chronological age.

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• Four levels of delay are
• Mild 5570 IQ
• Moderate 4055 IQ
• Severe 2540 IQ
• Profound Below 25 IQ.
• Causes of developmental delay include deprived
  environments, as well as chromosome and genetic
  disorders and dietary deficiencies.

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Giftedness

• Gifted - the 2 percent of the population falling
  on the upper end of the normal curve and
  typically possessing an IQ of 130 or above.

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Does Giftedness Guarantee Success?

• Terman conducted a longitudinal study that
  demonstrated that gifted children grow up to be
  successful adults for the most part.
• Termans study has been criticized for a lack of
  objectivity because he became too involved in the
  lives of his participants, even to the point of
  interfering on their behalf.

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Motivation and Intelligence

• Comparing the 100 most successful men with 100
  least successful, researchers found that
  motivation, not IQ made the difference.

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GROUP IQ TESTS

• WWI
• Army Alpha
• Army Beta
• Today
• Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT)

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BRAIN STRUCTURE AND IQ

• MRIs reveal that persons with higher IQs use
  their brains more efficiently (possibly
  indicating greater amounts of myelin in the
  brain)
• Research indicates that IQ is a product of both
  biology (nature) and experience (nurture)

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GENDER DIFFERENCES

• Female and male group IQ scores are virtually
  identical, but the genders differ in certain
  aptitudes
• FemalesVerbal aptitude
• MalesVisual-spatial aptitude
• Aptitude differences may be linked to
• organization of areas of the cerebral hemispheres
  
• Hormonal fluctuations
• Gender socialization

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reativity
Solving problems
by combining
ideas or behaviors
in
new ways
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Creativity

• Creativity- the process of solving problems by
  combining ideas or behavior in new ways.
• Convergent thinking - type of thinking in which a
  problem is seen as having only one answer, and
  all lines of thinking will eventually lead to
  that single answer, using previous knowledge and
  logic.
• Divergent thinking type of thinking in which a
  person starts from one point and comes up with
  many different ideas or possibilities based on
  that point (kind of creativity).

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• Emotional intelligence
• The ability to
• identify your own and other peoples emotions
  accurately,
• express your emotions clearly, and
• regulate emotions in yourself and others.

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Artificial Intelligence

• Artificial intelligence (AI) - the creation of a
  machine that can think like a human.
• True flexibility of human thought processes has
  yet to be developed in a machine.