Paragraphs, etc.

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Paragraphs, etc.

• Line spacing
• Spacing between paragraphs
• Borders and shading
• Bulleting and numbering
• Alignment
• Indents
• Tabs
• Tables

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Line spacing

• Line spacing determines the amount of vertical
  space between lines of text.
• The line spacing you select will affect all lines
  of text in the selected paragraph or the
  paragraph that contains the insertion point.
• Word uses single line spacing by default.

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• Line spacing is in the Format Paragraph menu.
• Some of the choices are
• Single
• 1.5 lines
• Double
• Multiple

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• 1.5 Lines results in line spacing for each line
  that is one-and-one-half times that of single
  line spacing.
• For example, if 10-point text is spaced at 1.5
  lines, the line spacing is approximately 15
  points.

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• Double results in line spacing for each line that
  is twice that of single line spacing. For
  example, in double-spaced lines of 10-point text,
  the line spacing is approximately 20 points.

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• Multiple results in line spacing that is
  multiplied by a factor that you specify.
• For example, a factor of 2 is equivalent to
  double spacing.
• If the factor is less than 1, like .8, the space
  between lines will be even less than with single
  spacing.

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Spacing between paragraphs

• It is standard practice to leave extra space
  between paragraphs in a text.

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Spacing between paragraphs
Spacing between lines within the paragraph
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• You set the space between paragraphs in units of
  points.
• Standard practice is 6 points, i.e. leave 6
  points between paragraphs.

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Borders and shading

• Format Borders and Shading can be used to
  highlight portions of text.
• It is applied either to selected text, if any, or
  the paragraph where the insertion point is.
• The resulting dialog box looks like this

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This combination produces a shadow border of this
type.
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Bulleting and numbering

• Bulleting or numbering items in a list helps
  highlight the individual items.
• This is very important in presentations in
  particular.

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• You can use the numbering button or the bulleting
  button on the standard toolbar or
• Format Bullets and Numbering

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• It is important to remember that bullets and
  numbering are executed on paragraphs.
• So
• use a hard return (hit the Enter key) at the end
  of each paragraph you want bulleted and it is
  easier if you
• select those paragraphs you want bulleted or
  numbered before you choose the command!!

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• Also, once you start adding bulleted items, each
  time you hit Enter, Word automatically begins
  that line with another bullet.
• If your bulleted list is done, you can hit
  Backspace to remove the bullet and start typing
  at the beginning of the line.

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• What if you want bulleting but some of the items
  are more than a single paragraph long?
• Answer Use ShiftEnter instead of Enter. This
  forces the beginning of a new line within any
  paragraph.

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• What if you want bulleted items that contain
  bulleted lists, like this?
• Here is a sub-item
• Here is another sub-item
• Answer Use the Increase Indent and Decrease
  Indent buttons on the standard toolbar.

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Alignment

• Aligning paragraphs is used in helping to delimit
  parts of text, emphasize others, etc.

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• Alignment can be set from the toolbar

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Alignment buttons
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• or from the Format Paragraph menu

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Alignment
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• For most document types left-align the
  paragraphs.
• For more formal texts, such as reports, justify
  (i.e. simultaneously left and right align) the
  text.
• Supposedly, left aligned texts are easier to read.

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Indents

• Indents are used in paragraphs to visibly
  separate paragraphs from each other.
• Only the first line of each paragraph is
  indented.

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• There are two left indents and one right.
• Of the left indents
• One (the top one on the toolbar) is for the first
  line of a paragraph
• the other is for the rest of the paragraph.
• Indents are measured from the left and right
  margins.

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First line indent
Subsequent line indent
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• Another form of indent is the hanging indent.
• In the hanging indent it is all but the first
  line that is indented.
• It is often used in lists, definitions, etc.

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Subsequent line indent
First line indent
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• You can also have more control over the size of
  the indent by using the
• Format Paragraph dialog box

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Specify indent size
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Tabs

• Tabs are positions on a line that can be set so
  that the insertion point can advance to that
  position with one touch of the Tab key.
• Once a tab has been set, hitting the tab key
  bounces the insertion point to that position on
  that line.
• You can set the tabs either from the ruler or
  from the Format Tabs dialog box.

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Right-justified tab selected from the well on
the left of the ruler, and set/positioned on the
right by clicking it at that position on the
ruler.
Each click on the tab well steps through the
various tab types.
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Right-justified tab selected from the well on
the left of the ruler, and set/positioned on the
right by clicking it at that position on the
ruler.
Notice, while looking at this page, the use of
indents, the use of Shift Enter to advance a
line but stay in the same paragraph, and the use
of the Show/Hide Paragraph button to let you see
where you are in the structure of the paragraph.
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• To get rid of a tab, just grab it on the toolbar
  and drag it down off the toolbar and let go.
• You know you have a hold on the tab when a
  vertical dotted line appears under it

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A tab when grabbed.
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• You have access to more details on tabs through
  the Format Tabs dialog box.

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• Notice that through this dialog box you can
  change the default tab stop of half an inch to
  something else.
• Also note that you can also set leaders through
  this dialog box

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Leader setting
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What is a leader?

• A leader is a series of dots, dashes, or
  underlining that is used to guide the eye in
  reading across a page.
• It is often used in tables of contents.

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Right tab set
Leader
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Tables

• Tables are such a huge topic in Word that they
  have a menu of their own.
• Tables can often be used where you might consider
  using tabs, because the gridlines in the table
  need not show.

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• The simplest way to insert a table is to click on
  the table button and drag your cursor down to
  specify the structure of the table by selecting
  the number of rows and columns you want

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Table button
A window drops down and you specify the size of
the table that you want by running your cursor
down and across the grid.