Cardiovascular Disease

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Cardiovascular Disease
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Cardiovascular Disease

• Diseases of the heart and blood vessel system
• Heart disease is 1 killer in the United States
• Stroke 3
• FASTATS (CDC)
• Washington State (CDC)
• Cardiovascular disease also contributes to
  mortality across the globe (WHO)

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Cardiovascular Disease

• Many different terms
• Conditions are frequently related

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Hypertension

• Hypertension high blood pressure
• A measure of the force blood exerts against the
  walls of arteries
• Systole - pressure when heart contracts
• Diastole - pressure when heart relaxes
• Blood pressure explained

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Why Does Hypertension Matter?

• What is hypertension?
• Hypertension damages inner lining of artery
• Artery bleeds
• Injured area clots, can accumulate plaque
• Hypertension animation

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Atherosclerosis

• Plaque buildup within an artery or arteries
• A normal artery allows room for blood to flow
• An atherosclerotic artery has plaque buildup as a
  result of damage to the blood vessel
• An artery becomes damaged
• High blood pressure
• Smoking
• Vessel bleeds, forms clot, accumulates plaque
• Calcium, fibrin, cholesterol

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Coronary Artery Disease, Myocardial Infarction

• When atherosclerosis occurs in the coronary
  arteries supplying blood to the heart, the
  condition is labeled coronary artery disease
  (CAD)
• CAD can cause a myocardial infarction (heart
  attack)

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Coronary Artery Disease, Myocardial Infarction

• Coronary artery occlusion
• Myocardial infarction
• On a less severe level, a significantly blocked
  coronary artery can cause ischemia
• Blood flow reduction to bodys tissues
• Angina (chest pain or pressure) may result when
  ischemia occurs in the heart

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Arrhythmia

• Too fast tachycardia
• Too slow bradycardia
• Irregular heartbeat
• Variation from normal sinus rhythm
• Atrial fibrillation
• Instead of single impulse in the SA node, can be
  400bpm
• Supraventricular tachycardia
• Ventricular tachycardia
• Ventricular fibrillation

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Cardiac Arrest

• Different from myocardial infarction
• An electrical event
• Usually due to underlying heart disease
• Heart stops due to ventricular fibrillation
• CPR can help wih blood flow, but defibrillation
  needed to restart heart
• Scenario