Science Module

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Science Module

• 7th Grade

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Body SystemsCirculatory System

• 7th Grade Science
• TAKS 2
• TEKS 7.9(A)

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TAKS Objective 2

• The student will demonstrate an understanding of
  living systems and the environment
  Interdependence occurs among living systems

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TEKS Science Concept

• TEKS 7.9 (A) identify the systems of the human
  organism and describe their functions.

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Student Prior Knowledge

• TEKS 6.10 (C) identify how structure complements
  function at different levels of organization
  including organ and organ systems.

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Background
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Circulatory System Structures

• Heart
• Blood Vessels
• Arteries
• Veins
• Capillaries
• Blood

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Circulatory System Function

• The overall function of the circulatory system is
  to transport materials throughout the body toward
  and away from particular target organs and
  tissues.

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Two Pathways

• Pulmonary Circulation
• Carries blood to lungs and back to the heart
• Systemic Circulation
• Carries blood to body and back to the heart

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Your Blood Vessels Pathway of Circulation

• 3 types of vessels
• Arteries
• Capillaries
• Veins

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Artery vs. Vein
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Arteriescarries blood Away from heart

• Large
• Thick-walled, Muscular
• Elastic
• Oxygenated blood
• Exception Pulmonary Artery
• Carried under great pressure
• Steady pulsating
• Arterioles smaller vessels, enter tissue

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Capillaries

• Smallest vessel
• Microscopic
• Walls one cell thick
• Nutrients and gases diffuse here

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VeinsCarries blood to heart

• Carries blood that contains waste and CO2
• Exception pulmonary vein
• Blood not under much pressure
• Valves to prevent much gravity pull
• Venules larger than capillaries

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Varicose VeinsDamaged Valves in Veins
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Your Heart The Vital Pump

• At REST, the heart pumps about 5 QUARTS of blood
  a minute.
• During EXTREME EXERTION (exercise) it can pump 40
  quarts a minute.

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HeartStructure and Function

• Keeps blood moving
• Large organ composed of Cardiac muscle

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Structure of Heart

• Four chambers
• Two upper (Atria)
• Right Atria
• Left Atria
• Two lower (Ventricles)
• Right Ventricle
• Left Ventricle

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Bloods Path Through the Heart

• Both Atria fill at same time
• Rt atrium receives oxygen POOR blood from body
  via the vena cavas
• Left atrium receives oxygen RICH blood from lungs
  through four pulmonary veins
• After filled with blood atria contract, pushing
  blood into ventricle

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Both ventricles contract

• Right ventricle contracts and pushes oxygen-poor
  blood toward lungs,
• against gravity,
• through pulmonary arteries

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Bloods Path Through the Heart (cont)

• Left ventricle contracts and forces oxygen rich
  blood
• out of heart through
• aorta (largest vessel)

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The Blood

• Body contains 4-6 L
• Consists of
• Water
• Red Blood Cells
• Plasma
• White blood cells and platelets

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Erythrocytes (RBC)

• Transporters of
• Oxygen
• Carbon Dioxide
• RBC are produced in red bone marrow of
• ribs,
• humerus,
• femur,
• sternum, and other long bones

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Leukocytes (WBC)

• WBC fight infection
• Attack foreign substances
• Less abundant
• Large cells

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Platelets

• PLATELETS are for CLOTTING blood
• Cell fragments
• Produced in bone marrow
• Fibrin (sticky network of protein fibers)
• Form a web trapping blood cells

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Blood Clotting
Section 37-2
Break in Capillary Wall Blood vessels injured.
Clumping of Platelets Platelets clump at the
site and release thromboplastin. Thromboplastin
converts prothrombin into thrombin..
Clot Forms Thrombin converts fibrinogen into
fibrin, which causes a clot. The clot prevents
further loss of blood..
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Blood Types

• Massive loss of blood requires a transfusion
• Four Types
• A
• B
• AB
• O
• Inherited from your parents

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Blood Types
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What happens when you mix blood types?

• Plasma contains proteins that correspond to the
  shape of the different antigens
• If you mix one type with the wrong one, you get
  CLUMPING
• Type O is the universal donor
• Type AB is the universal acceptor

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What Makes Our Blood Type?
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Blood Transfusions
Blood Type of Recipient
Blood Type of Donor
A B AB O
A B AB O
Unsuccessful transfusion
Successful transfusion
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Rh Factor

• Rhesus factor (Rh), also inherited
• Rh (have antigen)
• Rh- (NO antigen)
• Can cause complications in pregnancies
• mother Rh- 1st baby Rh blood mixes with
  mother mothers body makes anti-Rh antibodies
• 2nd Rh body attacks baby
• Now have medicine to prevent antibody formation

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Getting to the Heart of the Matter
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?ENGAGE

• 1. Walt Disneys 1957 Hemo the Magnificent
• 2. Play song from St. Josephs Aspirin
  Commercial (originally in Happy Days episode) at
•  
• http//www.stjosephaspirin.com/page.jhtml?id/stjo
  seph/include/5_2.inc

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Lyrics

• Pump, pump, pumps your Blood.
• The right atriums where the process begins,
  where the CO2 Blood enters the heart.
• Through the tricuspid valve, to the right
  ventricle, the pulmonary artery, and lungs.
• Once inside the lungs, it dumps its carbon
  dioxide and picks up its oxygen supply.
• Then its back to the heart through the pulmonary
  vein, through the atrium and left ventricle.
• Pump, pump, pumps your Blood. 

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?EXPLORE

• Circulatory System Simulation

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?EXPLAIN
Circulation Coloring Activity 1. Color the path
of oxygenated blood red.   2. Color the path of
deoxygenated blood blue   3. Label the following
structures on the above diagram Aorta Left
Atria Right Atria Left Ventricle Right
VentricleLungs Vena CavaTissues of the
Body Capillaries 4. Use arrows to indicate
blood flow direction.
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?ELABORATE

• Circulation Relay
• What is Blood Made of?

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What is Blood Made of?

• CANDY RED HOTS 44 Red Blood Cells (RBCs) -
  carry oxygen and carbon dioxide around body, RBCs
  only live for about 3 months but are continuously
  produced in the bone marrow.CORN SYRUP 55
  Plasma/Water - syrupy, thick, clear, yellowish
  liquid that carries dissolved food and wastes in
  water.WHITE JELLY BEANS 1/2 White Blood Cells
  (WBCs) - bigger than RBCs, oddly-shaped cells
  that 'eat' bits of old blood cells and attack
  germs.CANDY SPRINKLES 1/2 Platelets - bits of
  cells and cytoplasm that help your blood clot.

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?EVALUATE

• Given a drawing the student will label and
  describe the functions of the four major parts of
  the circulatory system Heart, arteries, veins
  and capillaries.
• After participating the circulatory relay
  simulation, the learner will travel the correct
  circulation pathway beginning at the left
  ventricle and ending at the left atrium.
• After participating in the blood activity, the
  learner will list the following four components
  of the blood RBC, WBC, Plasma and Platelets and
  describe the function of blood.