CGS 1100 Introduction to Computer Applications

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CGS 1100Introduction to Computer Applications

• Computer Concepts

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Computer System Component

• Computer A programmable electronic device that
  can store, retrieve, and process data.
• The word Computer emerged during WWII, people
  who operated desk calculators were called
  Computers.

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History of the Modern Computer

• Human Could add a two 10 digit number in 10
  seconds, with
• Calculator, in 4 Seconds.
• Mark 1 Also called Harvard Mark 1 Could add
  two 10-
• digit numbers in about 0.3 seconds. 30 times
  faster than
• Pencil and paper.
• ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator and
  Computer. The
• world's first electronic digital computer was
  developed by
• Army Ordnance to compute World War II ballistic
  firing
• Tables. Could add the same in 0.0002 seconds,
  50,000 times
• faster than a human, and 1,500 times faster than
  the Mark 1.

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General Vocabularyand Units

• Bit "Binary digIT" Computers happen to operate
  using the base-2 number system, also known as the
  binary number system ( 0, 1)
• Byte 8-bit collections (single, double
  precision)
• Digital Send Receive 0s and 1s
• Analog AM - FM
• Hertz Unit of Frequency
• Kilo-Hertz 1000 Cycles
• Mega-Hertz 1 million Cycles
• Giga-Hertz 1 Billion Cycles

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Components of a Computer System

• Computer
• Hardware Software
• Motherboard Operating System
• Floppy Office 2003
• Hard Drive Internet Explorer

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Components of a Computer System
Information Processing Cycle
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Components of a Computer System
Input
Process
Output
Storage
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Types of Computer
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Types of Computer
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Hardware Devices
Input Device

Storage Device
Printer Output Device Peripheral
System Unit
Monitor Output Device Peripheral
Input Device
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Memory
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Memory
Random Access Memory
Read Only Memory
SRAM Static RAM
EPROM Erasable Programmable ROM
DRAM Dynamic RAM
PROM Programmable ROM
Memory Size in MB
256 MB 512 MB 1024 MB
1 MB 2 MB 4 MB 8 MB 16 MB 32 MB 64 MB 128 MB
Extra Points What mathematical equation
describes the pattern?
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Monitors

• Output device,
• Soft-Copy Output
• Resolution is given by the amount of Pixels
• Two categories CRT (Cathode Ray Tubes) and LCD
  (Liquid Crystal Display)

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Printers

• Output Devices
• Hard Copy Output
• Resolution is given in dsi. Dots per Inch.
• Two Categories Laser (BW, Color) uses Toner.
  Inkjet (Color) uses ink cartridges.

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Types of Software and Their Uses

• Operating System Software (OS) Tell the
• computer how to work and what to do.
• Windows, Linux and Macintosh.
• Driver Software that tells a hardware
• component how to work.
• Application Software Accomplish a task
• Using a computer. Word, Excel, PowerPoint

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Networks and Configuration

• Computer Network Two or more computer connected
  in some way in order to share their resources.
• Bus Network,
• Star Network,
• Ring Network.

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Network Vocabulary

• Server/Host
• Client/Workstation
• Topology

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Star Network

• A star network is a local area network (LAN) in
  which all nodes (workstations or other devices)
  are directly connected to a common central
  computer. Every workstation is indirectly
  connected to every other through the central
  computer. In some star networks, the central
  computer can also operate as a workstation.

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Bus Network

• A bus network is an arrangement in a local area
  network (LAN) in which each node (workstation or
  other device) is connected to a main cable or
  link called the bus.

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Ring Network

• A ring network is a local area network (LAN) in
  which the nodes (workstations or other devices)
  are connected in a closed loop configuration.
  Adjacent pairs of nodes are directly connected.
  Other pairs of nodes are indirectly connected,
  the data passing through one or more intermediate
  nodes.

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Local Area Network

• A local area network (LAN) is a group of
  computers and associated devices that share a
  common communications line or wireless link and
  typically share the resources of a single
  processor or server within a small geographic
  area (for example, within an office building).
  Usually, the server has applications and data
  storage that are shared in common by multiple
  computer users. A local area network may serve as
  few as two or three users (for example, in a home
  network) or as many as thousands of users

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Wide Area Network

• A wide area network or WAN is a computer network
  covering a wide geographical area, involving a
  vast array of computers. WANs are used to connect
  local area networks (LANs) together, so that
  users and computers in one location can
  communicate with users and computers in other
  locations.

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Test 1