Conditions Today

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Conditions Today

• Rainfall Degree days
• 12.1 276 Perry 09
• 13.7 236 Madison 09
• 10.6 287 Avon09
• --------------------------------------------------
  -----
• 306 Perry 08
• 282 Madison 08
• 311 Avon 08

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Conditions Today

• Rainfall Degree days
• 12.4 432 Perry 09
• 14.1 371 Madison 09
• 11.1 437 Avon09
• --------------------------------------------------
  -----
• 389 Perry 08
• 355 Madison 08

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Conditions Today

• Rainfall Degree days
• 13.9 592 Perry 09
• 15.3 506 Madison 09
• 13.3 620 Avon09
• --------------------------------------------------
  -----
• 644 Perry 08
• 605 Madison 08

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The GDD of Perry is 143 Summary of Phenological
Events

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• Miss Kim Manchurian Lilac  first bloom  422 
   
• SpeciesEventGrowing Degree DaysLinkPerry 431 
•  White Fringetree  first bloom  435   
• Locust Leafminer  adult emergence  437   
  
• Red Horsechestnut  full bloom  440   
• Boxwood Leafminer  adult emergence  440  
• Doublefile Viburnum  full bloom  444   
• Bush Cinquefoil  first bloom  444 

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• Pagoda Dogwood  full bloom  479   
• Umbrella Magnolia  full bloom  480   
• Sweet Mockorange  first bloom  482   
• Oystershell Scale  egg hatch  497   
• Miss Kim Manchurian Lilac  full bloom  498 
   
• Smokebush  first bloom  501   
• Catawba Rhododendron  full bloom  503   
• Emerald Ash Borer  first emergence  510  
• White Fringetree  full bloom  517   
• Arrowwood Viburnum  first bloom  534 

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• American Yellowwood  first bloom  546   
• Bronze Birch Borer   adult emergence  547 
   
• Multiflora Rose  first bloom  548   
• Black Locust  full bloom  548   
• Emerald Ash Borer  adult emergence  550   
• American Holly  first bloom  556   
• Black Vine Weevil  adult emergence  560   
• Mountain-laurel  first bloom  565   
• Scarlet Firethorn  full bloom  565   
• Red Java Weigela  full bloom  565   
• Sweetbay Magnolia  first bloom  566 

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• Potato Leafhopper  adult arrival  568 
•   Juniper Scale  egg hatch  571   
• Snowmound Nippon Spirea  full bloom  583   
• Beautybush  full bloom  592   
• Chinese Dogwood  first bloom  593   
• Common Ninebark  full bloom  596   
• American Yellowwood  full bloom  599   
• Smokebush  full bloom  611   
• Arrowwood Viburnum  full bloom  621   
• Japanese Tree Lilac  first bloom  622   
• Bumald Spirea  first bloom  624   
• Twospotted Spider Mite  egg hatch  627 

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• Bagworm  egg hatch  630   
• Washington Hawthorn  first bloom  635   
• American Holly  full bloom  642   
• Multiflora Rose  full bloom  643   
• Northern Catalpa  first bloom  675   
• American Elder  first bloom  707   
• Sweet Mockorange  full bloom  717   
• Red Prince Weigela  full bloom  727 
•   Fuzzy Deutzia  first bloom  727   
• Fletcher Scale  egg hatch - 1st generation  730 

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• Washington Hawthorn  full bloom  731   
• Calico Scale  egg hatch  748   
• European Fruit Lecanium Scale  egg hatch  767 
   
• Greater Peach Tree Borer  adult emergence  775 
   
• Striped Pine Scale  egg hatch  783  
• Winterberry Holly  first bloom  794   
• Japanese Tree Lilac  full bloom  808   
• Rhododendron Borer  adult emergence  815 
   
• Northern Catalpa  full bloom  816   
• Mountain-laurel  full bloom  822   

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• Oakleaf Hydrangea  first bloom  835   
• Cottony Maple Scale  egg hatch  851   
• Panicle Hydrangea  first bloom  856 
•   Fall Webworm  egg hatch  867   
• Mimosa Webworm  egg hatch - 1st generation  874 
  
•   Fuzzy Deutzia  full bloom  884   
• Winged Euonymus Scale  egg hatch  892   
• Spruce Budscale  egg hatch  894   
• Winterberry Holly  full bloom  897   
• Greenspire Littleleaf Linden  first bloom  899 

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• Panicled Goldenraintree  first bloom  924   
• June Bride Littleleaf Linden  first bloom  953 
   
• Azalea Bark Scale  egg hatch  957   
• Japanese Beetle  adultemergence  970 
   
• Rosebay Rhododendron  first bloom  1,010   
• Greenspire Littleleaf Linden  full bloom  1,047 
   
• Southern Catalpa  full bloom  1,073 

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Lesser peach tree
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Peach tree borer
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Dogwood borer
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Boxwood psyllid
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Boxwood Psyllid
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Holly Leaf miner
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Plant bugs
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Four lined plant bug
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Cool Season Mites
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AMBROSIA Beetle
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Aphids viburnums ,roses ,sediums
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Spiny Witch Hazel Aphid- Birch
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Lacebugs- azaleas, pieris, rhododendrons
,blueberries ,hawthorns
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Birchleaf miner
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Black Vine Weevil
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Beech Aphid
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Rust disease
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• Fungicide Chemical Class Results
• Banner Maxx Sterol Inhibitor Good to
  excellent BAS500 Strobilurin
  Some to excellent Compass 50W Strobilurin
  Poor to excellent Cygnus
  Strobilurin Some
• Decree 50W Hydroxyanilide Some
  Eagle 20EW Sterol inhibitor
  Excellent Heritage 50WDG Strobilurin
  Very good to excellent Milsana
  Plant Extract Good Phyton 27
  Copper Good to excellent Stature
  Carbamate Excellent
  Strike 25WP Sterol inhibitor
  Excellent Systhane 40WP Sterol inhibitor
  Excellent Terraguard 50W Sterol inhibitor
  Poor to very good

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Fireblight
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• Open blooms are most at risk. Bloom infection
  risks can be identified using weather data (high
  temperatures with wetting events) use
  predictive models. Shoot infection risks are more
  difficult to predict - reduce risks by reducing
  lush growth, removing inoculum sources and
  avoiding leaf curling midge and other leaf
  damage. Stressed trees (e.g. following ANA
  thinning sprays) may be more at risk.
• ISSUE 4) Understand preventative control options
  
• Streptomycin and low rate copper sprays have
  only a short period of efficacy (ca. 3 days).
• Application of these chemicals up to 48 hours
  before, or 24 hours after, an infection period
  should provide best protection against bloom
  infections.
• Streptomycin use must be minimised to avoid
  resistance problems.

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• ISSUE 5) Identify and manage fire blight
  outbreaks
• Symptoms usually appear ca. 7-21 days after
  bloom infection the MaryBlyte model gives a
  reasonable prediction of when symptoms will be
  visible. Frequent scouting and strike removal
  (ca. twice per week) may be required if an
  outbreak occurs. It is TOO LATE to apply
  streptomycin when symptoms are present. While
  this may protect newly opened blooms, it will
  promote resistance development.

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Type of Nozzles
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Atomization
Low Drift
Standard
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Ways To Reduce Drift

• Reduce Pressure
• Change Nozzles (air inducted , low drift)
• Avoid Wind
• Buffers Strips
• Live Barriers
• Air Assisted Sprayers
• Ground Speed
• Boom Height

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The holy triangle of spraying
How do we control the triangle ?
Time and Money Efficiency
Volume rate
Forward speed
Drift Control
Chemical Efficacy
Droplet size
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The holy triangle of spraying
Time and Money Efficiency
Things we control Volume rate Ground
speed Concentration of chemical Boom
height Droplet size
Drift Control
Chemical Efficacy
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How to reduce wind drift

• Early morning spraying
• Often there is no or very low wind speeds early
  in the mornings (Note that in still air
  conditions, the spray cloud may appear to float
  behind the sprayer not a favorable condition)
  Spraying early mornings at low wind speeds
  usually will allow good efficacy with low volumes
  and fine atomization.

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How to reduce wind drift

• Nozzle type
• Either use or be ready to change to low drift or
  INJET. The choice depends on wind speed and
  spray job

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How to reduce wind drift

• Nozzle size
• Choose a bigger size nozzle. This will increase
  the water volume rate and apply larger/faster
  drops. The increased volume rate can compensate
  for the reduced coverage from bigger droplets.

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How to reduce wind drift

• Spray pressure
• Use a lower pressure since this produces
  larger drops

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How to reduce wind drift

• Driving speed
• Slower speed means less disturbance of the
  spray pattern and also less turbulence around the
  boom and thus less drift

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Systemic Herbicides
Number of Droplets
Dmv
Spray Volume
Droplet Size (Micron)
Fines
Effective
Big
200
600
400
Pattern Droplet Distribution
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Contact Herbicides
Number of Droplets
Dmv
Spray Volume
Droplet Size (Micron)
Fines
Effective
Big
500
300
Pattern Droplet Distribution
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Insecticides, fungicides
Number of Droplets
Dmv
Spray Volume
Droplet Size (Micron)
Fines
Big
Effective
300
150
Pattern Droplet Distribution
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Choosing Nozzles
Timing
Dropsize Dropspeed
Biological effect
Volume
Dose
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Droplet impact
Retention Reflection Explosion
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Matching the spray and the target

• Coarse Fine

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Spray Accountability
Evaporation
Airborne Drift
Spray Target
Loss on Ground
Sedimentation Drift
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Big Droplets
Airborne Drift
Spray Target
Loss on Ground
Sedimentation Drift
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Droplet size

• Herbicide efficacy in response to droplet size

Knoche, M 1994
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Recommended drop sizes
CibaGeicy
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Weeds and Grasses Controlled Over 50 weeds are
listed on the Tower label, including annual
grasses, broadleaves and certain nutsedges.
Amaranthus spp. Annual sedges Barnyardgrass
Bluegrass spp. Carpetweed Crabgrass spp.
Common purslane Doveweed Goosegrass
Nightshade spp. Nodding spurge Spotted
spurge Yellow nutsedge
Use Rates Short-term (2-4 months) 21 fl. oz.
per acre or 0.5 fl. oz. per 1,000 sq.
ft. Long-term (4-6 months) 32 fl. oz. per
acre or 0.7 fl. oz. per 1,000 sq. ft. Signal
Word Warning REI 12 hours for agricultural
workers
Formulation 6.0 EC (liquid)
Active Ingredient Dimethenamid-P Chemical
Family Chloroacetamide (Group 15)
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Formulation 1.75G (Granular) Provides 0.75
dimethenamid-P and 1 pendimethalin
American burnweed Annual bluegrass Annual
kyllinga spp. Barnyardgrass Crabgrass spp.
Dogfennel Doveweed Eclipta Foxtail
Goosegrass Henbit Italian ryegrass
Lambsquarters spp. Liverwort Mayweed
chamomile Nightshade spp. Panicum spp.
Pearlwort Pepperweed Phyllanthus
Purslane Rice flatsedge Shepherdspurse
Smartweed spp. Spurge spp. Willowherb spp.
Woodsorrel (Oxalis spp.) Yellow nutsedge
Chemical Family Combines Chemical Group 15,
chloroacetamide herbicide, with Group 3,
dinitroaniline herbicide
Use Rates 100, 150 and 200 lbs./A for
commercial ornamental production 2.3-4.6
lbs./1,000 sq. ft. in ornamental landscape or
general maintenance areas
Signal Word CAUTION REI 24 hours for production
ornamentals
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JEWEL PRE-EMERGENT HERBICIDE

• Ronstar 2 plus Pendimethalin 1.25
• Annual Bluegrass) Annual Sedge (
  Barnyardgrass (Bittercress) Bristly Foxtail
  (Bristly Oxtongue) Carpetweed ()
  Cheeseweed) Common Chickweed (Common
  Groundsel) Fall Panicum () Fiddleneck (Field
  Sandbur (Fireweed ()
  Goosegrass () Green Foxtail () Lambsquarters
  (Large Crabgrass) Niruri) Oxalis ()
  Pigweed) Prostrate Knotweed (Prostrate
  Spurge) Purslane () Ripgut Brome ()
  Shepherdspurse (Smooth
  Crabgrass ( ) Sowthistle) Speedwell
  () Spiny Amaranth Spotted Catsear () Spurge
  () Wild Oat ( Yellow Foxtail ()
  Yellow Woodsorrel

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1 Aryloxyphenoxy Acclaim Extra 12 Fusilade
II 12 Cyclohexanedione DIMs Envoy Plus 12 ,
Arrow 12 Sethoxydim-E-Pro 12 2 Imidazolinone Image
12 3 Pyridine Dimension 12 Benzamide Kerb
12 Dinitroaniline Pendulum 24, Corral
24 Barricade 12 , Regalkade 12 Oryzalin Surflan
12 Trifluralin Treflan 12
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3 3 Dintiroanaline . Dintiroanaline XL 2G
12 4 Pyridine carboxylic acid Lontrel
12 5 Triazine Princep 12 6 Benzothiadiazinone Bas
agran T/O 12 9 Glycine Roundup Pro
4 Touchdown Pro 12 10 Phosphinic acid Finale
12 12 Pyridazinone Predict 12
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14 Diphenylether Goal 24 Oxadiazole Ronstar
12 N-phenylphthalimides BroadStar 12,
SureGuard 12 15 Acetamide Devrinol
12 Chloroacetamide Pennant Magnum
24 20 Nitrile Casoron 12 21 Benzamide Gallery
12 22 Bipyridylium Gramoxone Inteon
12-24 Reward 24
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27 Other Basamid Granular 24 Vapam 48 Scythe
24 14 3 Diphenylether Dinitroaniline
Ornamental Herbicide II (OH2) 24 Oxadiazole
Dinitroaniline RegalStar 12 Diphenylether
Dinitroaniline Rout 24 OxadiazoleDinitroanaline
Kansel 12 15 14 Acetamide Oxadiazole Pre
Pair 12 Diphenylether Oxadiazole Regal O-O
24 21 3 Snapshot TG 12 21 14 3 Showcase 12
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• Formulations/Adjuvant effects
• Avoid overtop applications of EC forms and
  oil-based adjuvants (crop oils), especially
  during summer
• Pennant Magnum, Pendulum EC best applied dormant
• Use granular or WDG/DF forms, as well as
  nonionic surfactants when spraying overtop,
  especially to tender growth

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Oxyfluorfen-sold by itself as Goal, Galigan
sold in combinations as Rout, OH2, Regal 0-0,
Showcase FlumioxazinBroadStar,
SureGuard OxadiazonRonstar, and in combination
as Kansel, RegalStar, PrePair, Jewel Do not
apply to tender foliage, species that trap
granules Symptoms leaf spotting/burning, stem
girdling, injury to breaking buds
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Impact of Formulation (spray vs
granule) Oxyfluorfenspray Goal,
Galigan Granule-Rout, OH2, Regal 0-0,
Showcase Flumioxazinspray SureGuard, granule
-BroadStar Oxadiazonspray Ronstar50 WSP granule
Kansel, RegalStar, PrePair, Ronstar2G Sprays
only on conifers, directed spray shade
trees Granules on shrubs
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Simazine(Princep, others)Do not apply to
bedding plants or perennialsTolerance may be
rate dependentUse lower rates, combine with a
grass herbicideUse lower rates on sandy or
gravelly soilsCan injure dwarf burning bush,
hydrangea, forsythia, lilac, and mock orange
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Isoxaben(Gallery, Snapshot, Showcase) Injures
Danes rocket, oxeye daisy, the mustard family,
sedum, ajuga, lambsear, Veronica Injures dwarf
burning bush (Euonymus alatacompacta), hydrangea,
and lilac
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Dinitroaniline herbicides Yellowish-orange
chemicals Preemergence weed control wide range of
ornamentals (woody and herbaceous) Injury
symptoms root inhibition, stem
brittleness/breakage Oryzalin(Surflan,
XL) Pendimethalin(Pendulum, Corral,
others) Prodiamine(Barricade, Regalkade) Triflur
alin(Treflan, Preen, others)
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Halosulfuron (Manage, Sedgehammer) SedgeHammer
replaces Manage herbicide by Monsanto, which
Gowan Company acquired the rights for last year.
Use -directed spray around established woody
ornamentals in landscapes Do not use in bedding
plants or herbaceous perennials Injures
cotoneaster, crape myrtle, English ivy, liriope,
hosta, butterfly bush, privet, viburnumwith
overtop applications
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Glyphosate (Roundup Pro, others) Glufosinate
(Finale) Keep off desired foliage Keep off
the bark of young trees Keep glyphosate off
suckers Use caution with glufosinate around
conifers
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What Happens to Herbicides Granules as They are
Spread Over Containers
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Cygnus

• Formulation 50 WG (Wettable Granule)
• Use Rates 1.0 to 6.4 oz. per 100 gals.
• Active Ingredient Kresoxim-methyl
• Chemical Family
• REI 12 hours Strobilurin
• Group 11 fungicide
• Signal Word CAUTION
• control of powdery mildew, rusts, scab
• diseases and leaf spot diseases

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Iprodione Pro

• foliar and soil-borne diseases
• Formulation 2SE (Suspoemulsion).
• Use Rates 1 to 2.5 qts. per 100 gals. drench
  applications 13 oz. per 100 gals.
• Active Ingredient Iprodione
• Chemical Family Dicarboxamide
• Group 2 fungicide
• Signal Word CAUTION
• REI 12 hours

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Insignia

• broad range of foliar and soil-borne
  ornamental diseases
• Formulation 20 WG (Water Dispersible Granule)
• Use Rates 2 to 16 oz. per 100 gals.
• Active Ingredient Pyraclostrobin
• Chemical Family Strobilurin
• Signal Word CAUTION
• REI 12 hours
• Group 11 fungicide

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Pageant

• broad-spectrum fungicide
• Formulation 38 WG
• Active Ingredient Boscalid and pyraclostrobin
• Chemical Family Group 11 (strobilurin or QoI)
  and Group 7 (carboximide)
• Signal Word CAUTION
• REI 12 hours

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Stature SC

• Phytophthora and downy mildew diseases
• Formulation 4.8 lb./gallon SC (soluble
  concentrate liquid)
• Active Ingredient Dimethomorph
• Chemical Family Cinnamic Acid Derivative (Group
  40 fungicide
• Group 15 fungicide
• Signal Word CAUTION
• REI 12 hours

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Segway Fungicide

• Active Ingredient
• Cyazofamid
• GROUP 21 FUNGICIDE
• Pythium crown and root rots and damping-off
• Phytophthora crown and root rots and
• foliar blights.
• Downy mildews
• Contains 3.33 pounds Cyazofamid Per Gallon (400
  grams per liter flow able suspension

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Compass

• Strobilurin ,Rates of14 oz. in 100 gallons of
  water drench or foliar spray,
• With a 12 hour REI.
• Powdery mildew, Botrytis, Anthractnose, Septoria
  Leaf Spot, Myrothecium, Rust, Scab, Blackspot,
  Downy Mildew, Rhizoctonia Root Rot.
• Group 5

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Dimethylation Inhibitors(DMI Fungicides) MOA1

• Banner MAXX Bayleton 50 (Rubigan
• Eagle 20EW
• Funginex
• Immunox  
• Fertilome Liquid  
• Systhane  
• Decree 50WDG

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Methyl Benzimi- dazole Carbamates MOA 2

• Clearys 3336
• Fungo Flo

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Dicarboximides MOA 3

• Chipco 26019

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Phenylamides MOA 4

• Subdue Maxx

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Quinone outside Inhibitors (QoI MOA 5

• Compass
• Heritage

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Inorganics (Metals) Dithiocarbamates MOA 6

• Alliette
• Phyton 27    

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DISCUS

• Common Name Imidacloprid plus Cyfluthrin
• Class Neonicotinoid plus Pyrethroid
• REI 12 hours
• Signal Word CAUTION
• Foliar Rate 25 - 50 oz. per 100 gallons of water
• Soil Rate 1.14 - 1.91 gallons per acre

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• Active Ingredient Bifenthrin
• Contains petroleum distillates.
• Onyx Insecticide contains 2 pounds active
  ingredient per gallon
• Group 3

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Judo

• Group 23 insecticide/mitecide
• insecticide/miticide is a compound for
  controlling mites and whiteflies on nursery and
  greenhouse ornamentals.
• Rates 2 - 4 fluid ounces per 100 gallons as a
  foliar spray
• 12 hours REI,
• Translaminar activity, providing 21 to 30 days
  control.
• Soft on many beneficials, particularly parasitic
  wasps and predatory bugs. Predatory mite numbers
  are reduced, but populations recover, and mites
  can be reintroduced after about 7 days.
• Rain-fast formulation.

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Insecticide Resistance Action Committee
InformationChemical Group PyridinecarboxamideCo
de Group 9CWSSA Group Target Site Compounds
of unknown or non-specific mode of action
(selective feeding blockers)
Aphids such as Acyrthosiphon species Aphis
species Dactynotus species Green Peach
Myzus Macrosiphon species Rhopalosiphum
species Thrips2 such as Western Flower
Thrips Frankliniella occidentalis Thrips
species Whiteflies3 such as Greenhouse Whitefly
Aria Insecticide is a water dispersible granular
formulation containing 8 ounces of flonicamid per
pound
Do not apply more than 0.267 lbs a.i. per acre
per season. Resistance Management Strategy
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Acelepryn

• GROUP 28 insecticide ,
• foliar or soil application, broad spectrum
  control of grubs caterpillars other sucking
  insects, clear wing borers,
• 4 hour REI
• Chlorantraniliprole

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