CHAPTER 2 Cultural Diversity

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CHAPTER 2Cultural Diversity

• Section 1 The Meaning of Culture
• Section 2 Cultural Variation

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Objectives
Section 1 The Meaning of Culture

• Define the meaning of the term culture and
  explain how material culture and non- material
  culture differ.
• Identify and describe the basic components of
  culture.

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Culture
Section 1 The Meaning of Culture

• Culture consists of all the shared products of
  human groups which include physical objects,
  beliefs, values, and behaviors shared by a group
• Material Culture are physical objects that
  people create and use such as books, buildings,
  clothing, and cooking
• Nonmaterial Culture are abstract human
  creations that include beliefs, family patterns,
  ideas, and language

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Basic Components of Culture
Section 1 The Meaning of Culture

• Technology physical objects and rules for using
  them
• Symbols anything that represents something else
  and has a shared meaning
• Language the organization of written or spoken
  symbols into a standardized system
• Values shared beliefs about what is good and
  bad or right or wrong
• Norms shared rules of conduct

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Objectives
Section 2 Cultural Variation

• Describe cultural universals and explain why they
  exist.
• Explain what the terms ethnocentrism and cultural
  relativism mean.
• Identify factors that account for variations
  among and within cultures.

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Cultural Universals
Section 2 Cultural Variation

• Cultural universals general traits common to
  all cultures
• Exist because some needs are so basic that all
  societies must develop certain features to ensure
  their fulfillment

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Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism
Section 2 Cultural Variation

• Ethnocentrism the tendency to view ones own
  culture and group as superior to other different
  cultures
• Cultural Relativism belief that a culture
  should be judged by its own standards rather than
  by those of another culture

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Factors That Account for Variations Among and
Within Cultures
Section 2 Cultural Variation

• Subculture shared values, norms and behaviors
  that are not shared by the entire population
• Counterculture rejection of the major values,
  norms, and practices of the larger society and
  replacing them with a new set of cultural values