International Oceanographic Organisation: JCOMM GOOS GLOSS

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International Oceanographic Organisation JCOMM
? GOOS ? GLOSS

• Philip L. Woodworth
• Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level

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In 2001 the Intergovernmental Oceanographic
Commission (IOC) and the World Meteorological
Organisation (WMO) merged a number of their
marine activities into a new Joint Technical
Commission for Oceanography and Marine
Meteorology (JCOMM) in order to best address the
requirements being placed on both agencies for
global observing programmes, in particular the
Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). JCOMM
can be thought of as the implementation arm of
GOOS. GOOS, the Global Terrestrial Observing
System (GTOS) and the Global Climate Observing
System (GCOS) make up what is called the G3OS of
global observing programmes.
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JOINT WMO/IOC TECHNICAL COMMISSION FOR
OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE METEOROLOGY (JCOMM)
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The Vision of JCOMM

• Integrated ocean observing system
• Integrated data management
• State-of-the-art technologies and capabilities
• New products and services
• User responsiveness and interaction
• Involvement of all maritime countries

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JCOMM STRUCTURE
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Integrated Observing System
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Where are we now

• 5000 VOS observing meteorology
• 120 vessels observing subsurface TS
• 1400 drifters observing meteorology
• 100s of ocean buoys for met ocean
• 300 GLOSS
• Argo
• Sea Ice
• Satellite

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Required improvements

• Ship based obs

• DBCP

• Argo

• GLOSS

• TIP

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Services
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Capacity Building
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Where are we going?

• Status
• GOOS Capacity Building Strategy and
  Implementation Plans
• JCOMM Capacity Building Strategy
• Each JCOMM element has identified the need for
  Capacity building
• IOC programs have similar needs
• Parallel efforts under other international
  programs, such as POGO

CB needs financial and institutional support
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Integrated Data Management
IODE WDCs
WMO
Industry
JCOMM
GOSIC
ICES
FAO
Navies
Regional GOOS Centers
Institutions/Universities
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Products

• JCOMM Portal (http//ioc.unesco.org/jcomm/)

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Products( )

• JCOMMOPS(http//www.jcommops.org)

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Products( )

• Electronic Bulletin(http//iri.ldeo.columbia.edu/
  climate/monitoring/ipb/)

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GLOBAL OCEAN OBSERVING SYSTEM (GOOS)
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GOOS IS

• A SUSTAINED, COORDINATED INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM
  FOR
• GATHERING AND PROCESSING DATA ABOUT THE OCEANS
  AND SEAS
• GENERATING USEFUL PRODUCTS AND SERVICES INCLUDING
  ACCURATE DESCRIPTIONS OF PRESENT CONDITIONS AND
  FORECASTS OF FUTURE CONDITIONS
• CREATING LONG TERM DATA SETS
• PRE-OPERATIONAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR NEW
  AND IMPROVED PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

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MEETING THE NEEDS OF CONVENTIONS

• CLIMATE CHANGE
• BIODIVERSITY
• LAW OF THE SEA
• PROTECT FROM LAND BASED POLLUTION
• AGENDA 21
• LONDON DUMPING CONVENTION
• HIGHLY MIGRATORY STRADDLING STOCKS
• REGIONAL SEAS

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GOOS ACTIVITIES

• DATA COLLECTING
• DATA AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
• DATA ANALYSIS, PREPARATION AND DISSEMINATION OF
  PRODUCTS
• NUMERICAL MODELLING AND FORECASTING
• TRAINING, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND TECHNOLOGY
  TRANSFER
• ENABLING RESEARCH

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TYPICAL PRODUCTS

• FORECASTS OF CHANGE IN WATER LEVEL
• POSITIONS STRENGTHS OF CURRENTS
• OCCURRENCE OF UNUSUALLY HIGH WAVES
• EXTENT OF SEA ICE
• INCIDENCE OF HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS
• VULNERABILITY OF FISH STOCKS AND FARMS
• RAINFALL PREDICTIONS IN DRY AREAS
• LENGTH AND COLDNESS OF WINTERS
• LIKELIHOOD OF DISEASE OUTBREAKS

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BENEFITS IMPROVEMENTS IN

• FORECASTS (Of WIND, WAVES,SEA-ICE)
• WARNINGS OF STORMS HIGH WAVES SURGES
• MANAGEMENT OF PORTS AND HARBOURS
• OPTIMISING OFFSHORE DESIGN OPERATIONS
• SHIP ROUTING MARINE RECREATION
• DETECTION OF POOR WATER QUALITY
• MANAGING FISHERIES AQUACULTURE
• CLIMATE FORECASTS
• RAIN AND TEMPERATURE FORECASTS (FOR AGRICULTURE,
  ENERGY, WATER INDUSTRIES)
• PREPARING FOR EPIDEMICS (MALARIA)

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EL NINO EFFECTS
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EL NINO AND BRAZIL HARVESTS
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EL NINO AND HEALTH RISKS MALARIA
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USERS AND CUSTOMERS

• GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
• ENVIRONMENT MANAGERS
• OPERATING SERVICES (SAFETY, NAVIGATION, PORTS,
  PILOTS, SEARCH AND RESCUE)
• INDUSTRY (OIL AND GAS, SURVEYING, CONSTRUCTION,
  SHIPPPING, FISHERIES, DREDGING)
• SMALL COMPANIES (AQUACULTURE, TRAWLERS, HOTELS,
  RECREATION MANAGERS)
• SOLE USERS (YACHTSMEN, SURFERS, DIVERS,
  FISHERMEN, TOURISTS)

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DESIGN MODULES

• OPEN OCEAN SERVICES AND CLIMATE
• COASTS (INCLUDING LIVING MARINE RESOURCES, AND
  HEALTH OF THE OCEAN)
• ? Note tide gauges (GLOSS) needed in both modules

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OPEN OCEAN GOOS DESIGN TO SUPPORT CLIMATE AND
WEATHER FORECASTING

• SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE
• SEA SURFACE SALINITY
• SURFACE WIND
• HEAT FLUX AND PRECIPITATION
• SEA SURFACE HEIGHT (SEA-LEVEL) ltltltlt GLOSS
• SEA ICE
• DISSOLVED CARBON DIOXIDE
• UPPER OCEAN TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY

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Observing the Tropical Pacific to forecast El
Niño/La Niña and their influence on climate
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COASTAL SEAS CONCERNS

• POPULATION INCREASE 50 LIVE WITHIN 200km,
  INCREASING TO 66 IN 50 YEARS
• 50 OF WETLANDS SEVERELY DEGRADED
• 10-30 CORAL REEFS DEGRADED
• EXPLOITATION, WASTE, DESTRUCTION OF REEFS AND
  MANGROVES INCREASE STRESS ON ECOSYSTEMS
• SAFE AND EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT REQUIRES
  INFORMATION FROM INTEGRATED MONITORING SYSTEMS

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COASTAL GOOS GOALS

• DETERMINE USER NEEDS
• SPECIFY PRODUCTS TO MEET THOSE NEEDS
• DETECT AND FILL GAPS IN MONITORING
• FIND AND CORRECT INADEQUACIES IN MONITORING
• FORM NETWORKS FOR REGIONAL TO GLOBAL COORDINATION
  AND INTEGRATION OF MONITORING, RESEARCH AND
  MODELLING
• USE NETWORKS TO MONITOR AND PREDICT
• DEVELOP DATA AND INFO PLANS

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GOOS PILOT PROJECTS

• PIRATA (BRAZIL LED)
• GLOBAL OCEAN DATA ASSIMILATION EXPERIMENT (GODAE)
• ARGO PROFILING FLOAT PROJECT

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Regional/National GOOS
Global Distribution of Regional GOOS Bodies and
National GOOS Committees or Contact Points
Euro GOOS and BOOS
Black Sea GOOS
NEAR GOOS
Med GOOS
SEA GOOS
IOCARIBE GOOS
GOOS Africa
Pacific GOOS
Pacific GOOS
Regional GOOS Bodies National GOOS
Committees/Contact Points http//ioc.unesco.org/go
os/ms/General/nat_GOOS_contacts.htm
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ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE

• MOST INTERNATIONAL TRADE GOES BY SEA
• BY 2020 66 OF PEOPLE LIVE NEAR COAST
• 20 OF OIL AND GAS COME FROM OFFSHORE
• FISH CATCH SUPPLIES 20 OF PROTEIN
• MORE THAN 50 OF COASTS ARE DEGRADED
• MARINE RESOURCES AVERAGE 3-5 OF GNP
• TOTAL MARINE GNP IS 1000 BILLION
• 1 IMPROVEMENT WOULD SAVE 10 BILLION
• PLUS IMPROVED FOOD, WATER, ENERGY SUPPLY
• COST OF GOOS IS AROUND 2 BILLION (1 BILLION
  ALREADY INVESTED)

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That completes a brief overview of JCOMM and
GOOS. GLOSS GLOSS was established in the
mid-1980s. And when GOOS was later established,
GLOSS became its first (and most important!)
component. More on GLOSS in the next lecture.