RISK MANAGEMENT

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RISK MANAGEMENT CHAIN TEACHING PACKAGE
PROPONENT MANEUVER SUPPORT CENTER SAFETY OFFICE,
FORT LEONARD WOOD, MISSOURI [phone]
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RISK MANAGEMENTDEFINITIONS
Risk Management - the process of identifying,
assessing, and controlling hazards to protect the
force. Its five steps represent a logical
thought process from which users develop tools,
techniques, and procedures for applying risk
management in their areas of responsibility. It
is a closed-loop process applicable to any
situation and environment.
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RISK MANAGEMENTDEFINITIONS

• Hazard - any real or potential condition that
  can cause injury, illness or death of personnel,
  or damage to, or loss of equipment or property.
  (FM 101-5)
• Risk - is the probability of exposure to injury
  or loss from a hazard.

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RISK MANAGEMENTDEFINITIONS

• Risk level is expressed in terms of hazard
  probability and severity.
• Probability - the likelihood that an event will
  occur.
• Severity - the expected consequence of an event
  in terms of degree of injury, property damage,
  or other mission impairing factors (loss of
  combat power, etc..,) that could occur.

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RISK MANAGEMENT DEFINITIONS

• Risk Assessment - the identification and
  assessment of hazards (first two steps of the
  Risk Management process).
• Controls - actions taken to eliminate hazards or
  reduce their risk(s).
• --Educational (individual collective
  training)
• --Physical (barriers, signs, controller)
• --Avoidance (prevention)

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Note from FM 100-14
PROBABILITY / SEVERITY

• More an art than a science
• Depends on the use of historical lessons
  learned, intuitive analysis, experience, and
  judgement

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RISK MANAGEMENTDEFINITIONS

• Residual Risk - the level of risk remaining after
  controls have been identified and selected.
• Risk Decision - the decision to accept or not
  accept the risk(s) associated with an action made
  by the commander, leader, or the individual
  responsible for performing that action.

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What Is It
CYCLIC
INTEGRATED
DEVELOP CONTROLS MAKE DECISIONS
SUPERVISE EVALUATE
MANDATORY
SYSTEMIC
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GENERAL REIMER ON RISK MGMT

• ...there are inherent risks associated with any
  military
• operation.
• The nature of our profession will not allow for
  either
• complacency or a cavalier acceptance of
  risk.
• Leaders at every level have the responsibility to
• identify hazards, to take measures to reduce
  or
• eliminate hazards, and then to accept risk
  only to the
• point that the benefits outweigh the
  potential losses.
• Risk Management is not an add-on feature to the
• decision-making process but rather a fully
  integrated
• element of planning and executing operations.
• 
  Dennis J. Reimer
• 
  General, USA
• 
  Chief of Staff

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RESPONSIBILITIES
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FM 100-14Risk Management

• Leaders and soldiers at all levels are
  responsible and accountable for managing risks
• Soldiers are responsible for executing risk
  controls to standards
• Commanders, with the assistance of their leaders
  and staffs, manage accident risks
• Commanders determine how and where they are
  willing to take tactical risks

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FM 101-5(staff organization and operations)
The commander alone decides whether or not to
accept the level of residual risk
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FM 100-5(operations)

• Leaders have a special responsibility to
  subordinates
• They must never risk their soldiers
  lives needlessly.
• Safety is
• The third component of protection
• A principle element in everything commanders do -
• a skill to lessen the risk of sustained
  high-tempo operations.
• Dependent on strong command and high levels of
• discipline and training
• A product of enforced standards
• Crucial to successful operations and preservation
  
• of combat power

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WHY RISK MANAGEMENT
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RISK MANAGEMENTHISTORICAL BASIS
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HUMAN ERROR
RESPONSIBLE FOR 80 OF ALL ARMY GROUND AND
AVIATION ACCIDENTS
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5 SYSTEM INADEQUACIES ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR HUMAN
ERROR

• SUPPORT FAILURE
• STANDARDS FAILURE
• TRAINING FAILURE
• LEADER FAILURE
• INDIVIDUAL FAILURE

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SUPPORT FAILURE

• LACK OF
• PERSONNEL
• EQUIPMENT / MATERIAL
• SUPPLIES
• SERVICES / FACILITIES

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STANDARDS FAILURE

• Standards / procedures
• not clear
• not practical
• nonexistent

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TRAINING FAILURE

• Training was not
• correct
• complete
• sufficient
• to standard

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LEADER FAILURE

• Leadership is not
• ready, willing, or able to enforce standards

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INDIVIDUAL FAILURE

• Individual
• did not know standard
• was not trained to standard
• lacked self discipline
• overconfident

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RISK MANAGEMENTPROCESS

• Identify Hazards
• Assess Hazards
• Develop Controls
• Implement Controls
• Supervise Evaluate

Develop controls
Assess hazards
Identify hazards
Supervise evaluate
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IDENTIFY HAZARD
TACTICAL ACCIDENT
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TOOLS TO HELP IDENTIFY HAZARDS

• METT-T
• MISSION
• ENEMY
• TERRAIN WEATHER
• TROOPS EQPMT
• TIME

• METL
• MISSION ESSENTIAL TASK LIST

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RISK MANAGEMENT Detection Resources and
Techniques

• Brain Storming
• Experts
• Publications
• Accident Information
• Scenario Thinking

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RISK MANAGEMENT

• Frequent
• Individual item. Occurs very often in the life
  of the system.
• Fleet or inventory. Occurs continuously during a
  specific mission or operation or over a service
  life.
• Individual soldier. Occurs very often in career.
• All soldiers exposed. Occurs continuously during
  a specific mission or operation.

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RISK MANAGEMENT

• Likely
• Individual item. Occurs several times in
  the life of the system.
• Fleet or inventory. Occurs at a high rate, but
  experienced intermittently.
• Individual soldier. Occurs several times in a
  career.
• All soldiers exposed. Occurs at a high rate, but
  experienced intermittently.

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RISK MANAGEMENT

• Occasional
• Individual item. Occurs some time in service
  life.
• Fleet or inventory. Occurs several times in
  service life.
• Individual soldier. Occurs some time in career.
• All soldiers exposed. Occurs sporadically.

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RISK MANAGEMENT

• Seldom
• Individual item. Occurs in service life, but
  only remotely possible.
• Fleet or inventory. Occurs as isolated
  incidents.
• Individual soldier. Occurs as isolated incident
  during a career. Remotely possible, but not
  expected to occur during a specific mission or
  operation.
• All soldiers exposed. Occurs rarely within
  exposed population as isolated incidents.

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RISK MANAGEMENT

• Unlikely
• Individual item. Occurrence not impossible, but
  can assume will almost never occur in service
  life.
• Fleet or inventory. Occurs very rarely (almost
  never).
• Individual soldier. Occurrence not impossible,
  but may assume will not occur in career or during
  a specific mission or operation.
• All soldiers exposed. Occurs very rarely, but
  not impossible.

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RISK MANAGEMENT
Death or permanent total disability, system loss,
major property damage.
Catastrophic
SEVERITY
Permanent partial disability, temporary total
disability in excess of 3 months, major system
damage, significant property damage.
Critical
Minor injury, lost workday accident, compensable
injury or illness, minor system damage, minor
property damage.
Marginal
First aid or minor supportive medical treatment,
minor system impairment.
Negligible
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HAZARD ASSESSMENT
PROBABILITY
FREQUENT LIKELY OCCASIONAL SELDOM
UNLIKELY A B
C D
E
CATASTROPHIC I CRITICAL
II MODERATE III NEGLIGIBLE IV
EXTREM HIGH
EXTREM HIGH
MODERATE
HIGH
HIGH
SEVERITY
EXTREM HIGH
MODERATE
HIGH
HIGH
LOW
MODERATE
MODERATE
LOW
LOW
HIGH
LOW
LOW
LOW
LOW
MODERATE
HIGH AND EXTREMELY HIGH RISKS ARE PRESENTED TO
THE PROPER COMMANDER FOR ACCEPTANCE DECISION
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RISK MANAGEMENT Develop Controls Make Risk
Decision
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RISK MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENT CONTROLS

• Standing Operating Procedures (SOP'S)
• Orders
• Briefings and back-briefs
• Training
• Rehearsals
• New equipment

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RISK MANAGEMENT
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Risk Management Key Notes

• The objective of managing risk is not to remove
  all risk, but to eliminate unnecessary risk.
• If the risk cannot be mitigated to an acceptable
  level, the action should not be executed
• Leaders should not expect that all missions will
  be accomplished with zero defects--free from
  errors, flaws or less-than perfect performance.
• Minimizing risk--eliminating unnecessary
  risk--is the responsibility of everyone in the
  chain of command.
• Managing risk is subjective because its basis is
  individual judgment.

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MANUEVER SUPPORT CENTER SAFETY OFFICE This
training package was designed to support the
Commanders and leaders training of risk
management in the Chemical, Engineer, and
Military Police Branches. Suggested
improvements. The proponent agency for this
training package is the Director MANSCEN Safety
Office. Users are invited to send comments and
suggested improvements to Cdr, MANSCEN, ATTN
ATZT-S, Fort Leonard Wood, MO 65473. Phone
[phone], or (DSN 581-0116). FAX (573)
596-0017, or (DSN 581-0017).