Cultural Studies

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Cultural Studies
By Khalid Mustaffa Riche Susanto Sang hun
Yune Seung-jin Kim
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Agenda

• INTRODUCTION
• Purpose of this experiment
• Human subject study
• Procedure
• Problem and solution
• Arabic
• Indonesian
• Korean
• Conclusion

Kim
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Purpose of this experiment

• Analyzing non verbal behavior (gestures) based on
  various culture
• Analyzing non verbal behavior differences between
  in native cultural situation and foreign cultural
  situation
• Analyzing non verbal behavior differences between
  expressing truthful idea and deceptive idea
• Based on Paul Ekmans theory
• Based on the analysis, understanding human
  behavior in various situations

Kim
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Purpose of this experiment
Kim
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Human Subject Study

• Unlimited considerable factors
• Cultural based factors
• Gender based factors
• Personal characteristics factors
• Human right
• Human Subject Protection Program (U of A)
• Federal wide Assurance
• http//www.irb.arizona.edu
• Consent form

Kim
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Human Subject Study

• Time management difficulties
• Based on individual interviews
• Time managing between interviewers, interviewees
  and technical supporters
• Technical difficulties
• Same experimental environment
• Video recording issue
• Same lighting, Same background, Same volume

Kim
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Experiment

• Four different cultural groups
• Arabic culture group, Indonesian culture group
  and Korean culture group
• Four different types of questioners
• 4 question sets for each type (A,B,C,D)
• set for native language deceptive situation
• set for native language truthful situation
• set for foreign language deceptive situation
• set for foreign language truthful situation

Kim
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Experiment

• Interviewing face to face
• Expecting about one minutes for each question
  (Total 17 questions for one interviewee)
• Video recording the interview
• Before the actual interview begins, pilot test
  was processed for accuracy data correction

Kim
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Interview questions

• Question type A
• SET A English/Truthful
• 1. Please describe your hometown in detail
• 2. Mention three closer friends of the same sex
  and explain why you like them
• 3. Tell about the worst vacation or trip you ever
  took and why it was so bad
• 4. If you found a wallet containing 1,000 and no
  identification in it, what would you do with it
  and why?

Kim
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Interview questions

• Question type A
• SET B English/Deceptive
• 5. Please describe in detail your current home or
  apartment
• 6. Tell us about your favorite book (story) and
  the reasons you like it
• 7. What kinds of class assignments do you find
  frustrating or unpleasant and why?
• 8. If you felt that your best friend was taking a
  lots of medications that were putting his or her
  health at risk, would you say anything to your
  friend? Why or why not?

Kim
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Interview questions

• Question type A
• SET C Native language/Truthful
• 1. Please describe the last place you lived in
  detail
• 2. Mention three close friends of the opposite
  sex and explain why you like them
• 3. Describe the worst job or project you ever had
  to do and why it was so bad
• 4. If your supervisor at work made a public
  statement praising you for something someone else
  on your tem had actually done. What would you do
  and why?

Kim
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Interview questions

• Question type A
• SET D Native language/Deceptive
• 5. Please describe your high school in detail
• 6. Tell us about your favorite movie and the
  reasons you like it
• 7. What kinds of people rub you the wrong way
  (irritate you) and why?
• 8. If you saw another student cheating on an
  exam, what would you do and why?
• 9. Describe one political issue you feel strongly
  about and why

Kim
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Interview questions

• Question type A
• English/Truthful, English/Deceptive,
  Native/Truthful, Native/Deceptive
• Question type B
• English/Deceptive, English/Truthful,
  Native/Deceptive, Native/Truthful
• Question type C
• Native/Truthful, Native/Deceptive,
  English/Truthful, English/Deceptive
• Question type D
• Native/Deceptive, Native/Truthful,
  English/Deceptive, English/Truthful

Kim
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Problem Solution

• Originally we were planning to use voice recorder
  for questioning. However, interviewees English
  skill and more detailed interactive questions
  about interview question made changing to face to
  face interview.
• Translation, cultural issues problem Political
  issues, Opposite sex friends

Kim
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Our Findings
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Arabic
Alex
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Introduction

• Arabic Language
• 22 Countries
• Combined Total Population 323 million
• Dialects Difference
• Even within countries
• Rely on movement of hands when speaking

Alex
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Interviewees

• All males
• Ages 18 27
• Students
• In Tucson for school
• Countries
• Saudi Arabia
• Qatar
• Palestine

Alex
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Interesting facts

• Wording while deceiving in English
• I think
• I assume
• You know
• Pause in sentences
• Repeat the sentence
• Elaborated when deceiving in English
• Elaborated when truthful in Arabic

Alex
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English As a Second Language

• Mother language is Arabic
• Feel comfortable thinking in Arabic
• Translate from Arabic to English
• While Truthful
• Sentence reorganization
• Better structure
• While Deceptive
• No sentence Reorganization
• Sometimes, dont deceive

Alex
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Is he truthful or deceiving?
Alex
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He was Truthful

• The perception is Deceptive
• BUT
• Started learning English 2 months ago
• Speaking English makes him nervous
• He is not sure what to say
• Not sure how to explain

Alex
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How does he deceive?
Alex
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Chris Observed that

• Sentences with different meanings are repeated
• Movement of hand increases

Alex
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Lets Watch
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Am I being deceptive while presenting?

• Repeating of words, and sentences
• Are natural when Im nervous
• Both Arabic and English

Alex
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The Unique Arabic Que

• Foot position
• While truth and deceptive in English
• While truth and deceptive in Arabic

Alex
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Clip Time

• Notice change in Arms in first clip
• Notice legs position throughout both clips

Alex
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Conclusion

• No apparent difference between Arabic cultures
• Organization of sentences differ
• Nervousness play big part in gestures
• Arabic and English
• Deceptive and truthful

Alex
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Indonesia
Riche
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Introduction

• Its a big archipelago country
• More than 1000 islands
• Total population 200 million
• More than 100 dialects
• The worlds most populated Moslem country

Riche
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How it relates to deception?

• Its the hot place in the South East Asia
• Bali bombing I and II, JW Marriott bombing,
  Australian Embassy bombing
• Jemaah Islamiyah
• In January 2000 Islamic cleric Hambali,
  al-Qaeda's point man in Indonesia, hosted in
  Malaysia, Nawaf Alhazmi and Khalid al-Midhar, the
  two hijackers who will later go on and take part
  in the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attack.
• Heaven for identity theft

Riche
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Interviewees

• Male and female ages 18 25

• College students
• All of them are U of A students

• All of them are Chinese Indonesian

Riche
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Interesting facts

• While deceiving in English
• The answers are typically shorter
• Long pause
• Repeat the sentence / asking to repeat the
  question
• Not a lot of hand movement
• Interesting foot positioning

Riche
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Compare these 2 videos
Can you tell which one is the truth and which
one is deceptive?
Riche
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So lets check your answer
If you answer the second video as the deceptive
one, youre right. His eyes are looking
everywhere. Need longer time to think. Not
looking at the interviewer when answering the
question. See the Left toe is stretch!!
Riche
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How does she deceive?
Riche
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Time to try someIndonesian Flavor
He is asked to describe his high school and
forced to be deceptive
Riche
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Conclusion

• Different languages certainly has effect
• In my culture people tend to provide shorter
  answer while being deceptive
• Hand gestures had impact for some, but not that
  important since some of us do not really move at
  all during the interview
• Compare to American
• Indonesians tend to open our legs all the time,
  whether deceitful or not
• Most Americans only open their legs when theyre
  telling the truth

Riche
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Korea
Yune
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Interviewees

• Korean 21 interviews
• Male 10, Female11
• Ages 19 29
• Students
• All student from U of A

Yune
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Is she truthful or deceiving?
Yune
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She was Truthful

• The perception is Deceptive
• - Long pause from beginning
• - Looks up and down frequently
• - Very limited gesture
• BUT
• - It is 1st time she has interview
• - Translate Korean to English

Yune
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Now she is deceiving
Yune
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Chris Observed that

• Nervous smile
• Movement of foot increases
• Touches her hair

Yune
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Is she truthful or deceiving?
Yune
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She is TRUTHFUL

• The perception is DECEIVING
• - Frequent foot movement
• - Touches hair and face
• BUT she is telling the truth

Yune
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Now she is deceiving
Yune
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Is he truthful or deceiving?
Yune
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He is deceiving

• As we all expected YES he is deceiving
• Only interviewee that fits to typical deceiving
  behavior
• Short answer
• Fake smile

Yune
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Lets see when he is truthful
Yune
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Interesting facts

• Wording while deceiving in English
• Genuine smile from FEMALES
• Behavior while deceiving and truthful

Yune
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Conclusion

• Mother language is Korean
• Looks relaxed while talking in Korean
• Translate from Korean to English
• While Truthful
• - More hands gesture
• - Short time to response the questions
• While Deceptive
• Genuine smile
• Frequent foot movement

Yune
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Experiment Result

• Total 40 interviews
• 3.32GB, Total more than 14 hours recording time
• Arabic 10 interviews
• Male10, Female 0
• Indonesian 9 interviews
• Male 6, Female 3
• Korean 21 interviews
• Male 10, Female11

Kim
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Conclusion

• It is no solid definition supporting deception
  detecting universally
• People deceive differently in native language
  versus English
• There is an apparent difference in way different
  cultures deceive

Kim
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Questions and comments
We thank you for listening to our presentation.
We will now take any questions or comments that
you may have.
Cultural
studies
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Lastly, We want to say
CONGRATULATIONS!!!
For the graduate senior class of 2006
And dont forget to
Bear Down !!