Types of periodicals

1
Types of periodicals

• Scholarly Journals
• Specialized publication intended for scholars,
  students practitioners of a particular
  discipline
• Usually published monthly or quarterly
• Magazines popular/or news
• Commercial publications intended for the general
  reader
• Popular culture entertainment, sports, hobbies,
  etc.
• Current events news, politics, public opinion
• Trade Papers Journals
• Publications that report on news developments
  in a particular profession, field, trade or
  industry
• Has analysis, commentary opinion pieces, but
  not original research

2
Indexing

• Indexing refers to inclusion in a database or
  published listing of publications
• The listing can usually be searched by author,
  subject, title, year, etc. to locate articles
• Scholarly journals must meet certain standards to
  be included in some scientific indexes
• Scope and coverage
• Quality of content
• Quality of editorial work
• Production quality
• Audience
• Types of content
• Original research, case reports, critical
  reviews, etc.
• (ref Journal selection for Index Medicus Fact
  Sheet)

3
Editing/review characteristics

• Scholarly journals
• Articles undergo blind review by other scholars
  (peer review/referee)
• Magazines
• Not refereed, but may be reviewed by magazine
  employees
• Trade journals
• Articles reviewed by editorial boards anonymous
  reviews

4
Authors language

• Scholarly
• Scholars, experts, or practitioners who may want
  credit for their scholarship
• Terminology, jargon language of the discipline
• Assume readers have scholarly background
• Magazines
• Often unsigned articles, or written by staff
  members
• Language simple high school or lower
• Trade journals
• Staff writers, contributions by experts in the
  field
• Simple language level, but likely to include
  jargon specific to the profession

5
Indexing

• Scholarly journals
• Index with specific focus Medicine, healthcare,
  education, social work
• Magazines
• General index Readers guide to periodical
  literature
• Trade journals
• Index specialized to profession or industry

6
Appearance

• Scholarly journals
• Usually a serious cover
• Graphs, charts, photographs for informative
  purposes
• Popular /or news magazines
• Attractive covers, colorful artwork, many ads
• Trade journals
• Format similar to popular magazine or paper
• Advertising targeted to those in the field

7
Purpose

• Scholarly Journals
• To disseminate new knowledge (research findings)
• Magazines
• To disseminate news or general information
• To entertain
• Trade Journals
• To publicize current events and topics in the
  field
• To publicize professional issues

8
Audience

• Scholarly journals
• Scholars, researchers, students, practitioners
• Magazines
• General public
• Trade journals
• Members of a specific profession or industry

9
Sources

• Scholarly journals
• Sources cited with footnotes and bibliography
• All statements of fact are referenced
• Magazines Trade journals
• Occasionally cite sources

10
Peer-reviewed aka refereed journals

• Scholarly journals will not publish an article
  without review by editorial board and/or experts
  in the field
• Purpose of review is to ensure meeting a certain
  standard of scholarly quality
• Experts in a field of study examine assess the
  quality of articles before they are published
• Authors submit their manuscript to a journal
• Editor may reject
• Peer-reviewers may reject, accept, or advise
  changes re-review

11
Functions of different types of publications

• Quality of material published in refereed
  journals considered usually superior to trade
  journals and papers
• But all still have important roles to play
• Note prior to 1970s, choices were limited for
  legitimate science

12
Preferred source of evidencePeer-reviewed
indexed journals

• Why peer reviewed?
• Quality control
• Why indexed?
• More quality control
• Why journals?
• Books and textbooks, self-published OR
  recognized publishers, are NOT peer-reviewed

13
Less-preferred sources

• Media TV/radio/newspaper/Internet
• Word of mouth (even experts mouths!)
• Non-peer-reviewed publications
• The Chiropractic Journal
• Chiropractic Economics
• Todays Chiropractic
• Dynamic Chiropractic
• JACA
• Various Web publications

These all MAY have good infor-mationJust verify
them!!
14
Red flags for untrustworthy information

• Lurid typography
• Improper article format
• Poor referencing
• Obvious personal agenda
• Advertising tone
• Testimonial function
• Poor writing quality
• No peer review
• Peer reviewers biased
• Journal not indexed
• Conflict of interest

15
Information search

• Informal resources
• Your personal library
• People you know
• Experts you may contact
• Formal resources
• Indexes and computer databases that provide
  access to
• Books
• Journal articles

16
Primary sources of evidence

• Relevant bibliographic databases
• AMED
• Allied complementary medicine database
• MANTIS
• Manual, alternative and natural therapy database
• MEDLINE (PubMED)
• Index Medicus online search engine
• ICL
• Index to chiropractic literature
• www.chiroindex.org

17
Searching for health related information

• Sources of information (E2)
• Literature
• Books
• Articles
• Peer-reviewed
• Trade-journals
• Mass media
• Practice guidelines
• Google.com
• Experience
• Self
• Colleagues
• Basic science

18
Electronic Search strategies

• Thesaurus search
• Subject headings by which articles are indexed
  (MeSH terms)
• Textword search
• words in the bibliographic record, including
  abstract
• Start broad, then narrow the focus
• Excluding or including additional terms
• Indexing terms, textwords, limit variables,
  Boolean operators
• Detailed instructions for using PubMED
  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query/static/help/pmhe
  lp.html

19
Why retrieve medical information?

• Improve quality of care
• Medical ethics
• Avoid malpractice
• Rise of evidenced-based medicine
• Intentional reading a must due to information
  overload
• Cross-specialty issues

Main pitfall, as one web page put it British
doctors surf Web pages, many of them American,
and find outdated and inaccurate information.
20
Newsgroups
21
How-to books
22
Medical search costs comparison to legal setting

• Paralegal services are usual, customary and
  billable
• Medical informatics services, management of
  information in medicine, not nearly as billable
• Tax-deductible as normal cost of doing business
• Is retrieving medical information directly
  billable in individual case?

23
Bound vs. electronic subscriptions

• Paperless offices work better in theory than in
  practice . . .
• but can save space
• computers crash, printers run out of ink or jam
• back issue articles
• cost considerations

24
Efficiency of search enginesMantis/Medline/OVID

• Mantis is a selective database (not all articles
  indexed), and the user must hack his or her way
  in most of the time
• Medline is comprehensive and free, but search
  limited to selected journals
• OVID use common search engine to search across
  multiple databases, eg MEDLINE MANTIS
  CINAHL(but can be expensive)

25
Cochrane Collaboration ON-LINE
26
Ways of Receiving articles

• fax
• internet full text
• Ariel
• DocView
• library pickup
• postal mail
• e-mail TOCs

27
Evidenced-based careavailable from BMJ (not
on-line)
28
Bibliographic databases(EndNote, Papyrus,
ProCite)

• storing citations
• inserting references in articles and reports