Chapter 1 Themes in the Study of Life

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Chapter 1Themes in the Study of Life
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Introduction

• Biophilia - Coined by E.O. Wilson
• an attraction to life
• Biology - Study of life
• What is Life?

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Characteristics of Life

• movement
• sensitivity
• development
• complexity
• death

• cellular organization
• growth metabolism
• reproduction
• homeostasis
• heredity
• adaptation
• evolution

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Characteristics of Life

• Unnecessary
• movement
• sensitivity
• development
• complexity
• death

• Necessary
• cellular organization
• growth metabolism
• reproduction
• homeostasis
• heredity

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Scientific Methodthe hypothetico-deductive method

• Observation
• Question
• Hypothesis
• Test
• Results
• Conclusion

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Scientific Method

• Types of reasoning
• deductive - general to specific
• inductive - specific to general
• Tests variables
• dependent, measure
• independent, manipulate
• controlled, constant

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Lab Exercise Scientific Method

• DV IV

• Mealworm growth affected by medium used.

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Levels of Scientific Inquiry

• Hypothesis
• hypothesis of endosymbionts
• Theory
• theory of evolution
• cell theory
• Law or Principle
• Mendels Laws
• Fact
• the world is round

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Why so much diversity?

• Charles Robert Darwin
• (1809-1882)
• theory of evolution
• Origin of Species
• H.M.S. Beagle (1831-1836)
• Natural Selection
• Survival of the Fittest

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Hierarchy of Organization

• atom
• C
• molecule
• C6H12O6
• organelle
• mitochondrion
• cell
• muscle cell

• tissue
• muscle
• organ
• heart
• system
• circulatory system
• organism
• mouse

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Hierarchy of Organizationcont.

• population - species
• mice
• community
• college w/mice men

• ecosystem
• community abiotic factors (soil, water, air)
• biome
• grassland
• biosphere - earth

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Branches of Biology

• Cytology
• Genetics
• Evolution
• Ecology

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TaxonomyCarolus Linnaeus

• Kingdom
• Phylum or Division (Plantae,
• Class Fungi)
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Specific epithet

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Taxonomy cont.

• Writing the scientific name of an organism
  (species)
• Genus specific epithet or
• Genus specific epithet

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Kingdoms

• Monera
• bacteria (prokaryotes, unicellular)
• Protista
• amoebas (eukaryotes, mostly unicellular)
• Fungi
• ringworm (eukaryotes, mostly multicellular)

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Kingdoms cont.

• Plantae
• mosses (eukaryotes, multicellular)
• Animalia
• insects (eukaryotes, multicellular)

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Kingdoms cont.

• Monera 4,800
• Protista 150,000
• Fungi 77,000
• Plantae 270,000
• Animalia 1,000,000
• total 1,501,800

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Kingdoms cont.

• 1.5 million organisms are identified and named
• gt30 million thought to exist

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Kingdoms cont.
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Chapter 1

• THE END