Napoleon Bonaparte

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Napoleon Bonaparte
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Napoleon
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Napoleon Takes Over

• The Directory made little effort to resolve any
  problems.
• The French army was winning wars against European
  Monarchs.
• A young general named Napoleon was attracting
  public attention.

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Napoleon Takes Over (cont)

• Napoleons great military skills won him quick
  promotion to General.
• In 1799, Napoleon seized his opportunity to
  influence events at home.

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Napoleons Empire

• In 1804, Napoleon named himself Emperor of the
  French.
• Napoleon overthrew the Directory and formed the
  consulate.
• Napoleon wanted to bring order to the country,
  one of his first goals was restructuring the
  government.

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Restoring Order

• Napoleon replaced elected officials with men he
  appointed himself.
• He created the Bank of France and required every
  citizen to pay taxes.
• Napoleons supporters liked his strong
  government.

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The Napoleonic Code

• Napoleon had a new law code written.
• Based on enlightened ideas.
• The code placed the state above the individual.
• Many say Napoleon made his greatest impact on
  French Law.

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Napoleonic Europe

• By 1812, Napoleon controlled most of Europe.
• Made his brother Joseph the king of Spain and
  abolished the Holy Roman Empire.
• People that Napoleon conquered did not like
  serving Napoleon.

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Napoleonic Europe (cont)

• Napoleons oppression ignited feelings of
  nationalism.
• The first signs of trouble were in Spain when
  Spaniards overthrew their French rulers.
• Nationalism helped stir revolts against Napoleon.

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Downfall of the Empire

• Many European leaders united against Napoleon.
• At this time Napoleon was planning on invading
  Russia.
• Napoleon assembled an Army of 600,000 men and
  marched towards Moscow.

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Downfall of the Empire (cont)

• The Russians adopted the Scorched Earth Policy.
• The Russian winter would stop the French.
• 400,000 men would freeze to death and Napoleon
  would be defeated

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Defeat

• The Russian blow to Napoleons power ruined him.
• Russians, Prussians, Spaniards, English, and
  Austrians sent armies after him.
• Napoleon was exiled to island of Elba in 1812,
  but returned in to France in 1815 and quickly won
  support.
• Napoleon regained power was feared again by other
  European leaders.

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Defeat (cont)

• In June of 1815, Napoleon met the armies of
  Prussia, Great Britain, and the Netherlands under
  the command of the Duke of Wellington.
• They met a Waterloo in Austria.
• Napoleons troops were decisively defeated.
• Napoleon was exiled to the Island St. Helena were
  he died in 1821.

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Peace in Europe

• After the defeat of Napoleon, delegates from all
  over Europe met to discuss a balance of power in
  Europe.
• This meeting of delegates was led by Austria's
  Prince Klemens Von Metternich.

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The Congress of Vienna

• This is where European delegates met to discuss a
  balance of power.
• Metternich believed for Europe to achieve unity,
  it needed to be restored to how it was before the
  French Revolution
• Balance of power meant that no country should
  ever again dominate continental Europe.

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Redrawing the Map

• After the defeat of Napoleon, France was forced
  to give up territory gained under Napoleon.

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Restoring the Monarchies

• The Congress of Vienna believed that divine-right
  monarchy was necessary for proper order.
• The Congress reestablished royal dynasties in
  France, Spain, Portugal Naples, Sardinia, and
  Sicily.
• Thirty nine independent German states formed,
  headed by Austria

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Alliances

• To prevent democratic revolutions, alliances were
  formed.
• Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia, and
  later France, joined in the Quadruple Alliance.
• This was done to protect territorial boundaries.
• The Balance of power in Europe would last almost
  100 years.