Hand in packet W'S' 1'4 before the bell rings please

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Class Topics
Title Biology 8/30/07
Objectives

• To learn about the microscope and measurement

• Hand in packet W.S. 1.4 before the bell rings
  please
• Microscope Notes Review
• Lab Report expectations
• Set up
• Mans mind stretched to a new idea never goes
  back to its original dimensions.
• Oliver Wendall Holmes

Handouts
Friday, December 18, 2009 749 AM
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Class Assignments
By When
What

• Packet W.S. 1.4 8/30/07
• Microscope Prelab set up 8/31/07
• Microscope Lab report 9/4/07
• Due this class period
• Due next class period
• Due in the future

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Characteristics of Microscopes

• Magnification
• Image appears larger than it is
• Eyepiece 10x
• Objectives 4x, 10x, 40x
• Resolution
• Clarity of the image
• Gets poorer with increased magnification

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Microscopes

• Simple light microscope
• One lens
• Living or dead specimen
• Compound light microscope
• more than one lens
• resolution is a problem
• Must be transparent
• (very thin)
• Living or dead specimen

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Microscopes

• Electron microscopes - use a beam of electrons
  (dead specimen)
• Transmission (TEM)- electrons pass through - very
  thin specimen
• Scanning (SEM)- electrons bounce off and get an
  image from the outside
• Scanning tunneling
• Uses a microprobe
• Can be used on living or dead organisms

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Magnifications

• Simple light 5-25x
• Compound light 2000x
• Electron microscopes
• SEM 200,000x
• TEM 2,000,000x
• Scanning tunneling 1,000,000,000x

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Compound Light Microscope Parts

• Eyepiece
• Tube
• Revolving Nosepiece
• Objectives
• Base
• Stage
• Stage clips
• Diaphragm, iris, condenser

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Mitochondrion
Parasitic insect emerging from host
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Mouse lung
DNA
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Examples from light microscopes
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithleium
Simple columnar epithelium
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Lab Reports

• Lab Journal
• Table of contents
• Experiment number, title of experiment, and page
  number in the notebook
• Use on front sides of pages, do not skip pages

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Prelab Preparations

• List your name, your partners name, and class
  period in the upper right hand corner of the page
  
• First section
• Purpose/Question
• Typically a single sentence
• Hypothesis
• What do you think the answer to your questions
  is?
• Rationale
• Why do you think your hypothesis is correct?
• Skip a line between each answer and three between
  section 1 and section 2

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Second Section

• Materials
• List all materials used
• Procedure
• Summarize the procedure used for the
  investigation
• Can be a list or flow chart needs to be easily
  read
• Getting Ready
• 1. What potential procedural problems do I want
  to avoid to eliminate error?
• 2. What safety precautions must be taken?
• 3. How will I analyze the data?
• Be specific

Skip a line between each answer and three between
section 2 and section 3
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Prelab preparation

• Sections 1 and 2 can (and should) be completed
  prior to coming to class
• They must be initialed by a teacher as completed
  before you can start the lab!
• Section 3 can be prepared before class, but not
  completed

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Third Section

• Results
• Dominated by tables/drawings
• Construct the table clearly (use a ruler)
• Information should be written as collected
• Not copied from lab partner at a later time
• Must be clearly labeled and include units
• Statements for observations

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Third Section

• Analysis
• Show your work from Statement 3 of getting
  ready
• Sample calculation
• Word equation
• Quantatitive equation
• Graphs (of data in tables)
• Number and title graphs
• Neat and sized appropriately
• Axis labeled with units
• Independent on x an dependent on y

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Fourth Section

• Conclusion
• What is the significance or meaning of the
  results?
• Written in third person passive
• Summarize the results
• Detailed discussion of the results
• How do the results compare to what you expected?
• Can compare with results of others
• What factors might have contributed to errors in
  the results
• Analyze experimental error

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The Parts of a Light Microscope

• eyepiece (ocular lens)
• body tube
• objectives- High, Low, Medium
• diaphragm
• base
• arm
• stage
• slide clips
• focus knobs- coarse adjustment, fine adjustment
• light source

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