Phases of the Humoral Immune Response to

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Phases of the Humoral Immune Response
to T-Dependent Antigen
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Antibody Isotype Switching
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Why do we need Isotype Switching?
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Where does Isotype Switching Occur?
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B-Cell Activation by Thymus-Dependent Antigens
Cytokines
CR
Linked Recognition
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Isotype Switching Under the Influence of Helper T
Cell-Derived Cytokines
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CD4 T Cell-Dependent Effects in Antibody
Responses

• Memory B Cell Development
• Isotype Switching
• Affinity Maturation

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Antibody Response to T-Dependent Antigens

• Role of Helper T Cells
• Cytokines
• CD40/CD40L interactions
• Isotype Switching
• Switch Recombination
• Cytokines and Isotypes
• Affinity Maturation
• Somatic hypermutation
• Selection for B cells which produce High Affinity
  Antibodies
• Memory B Cells

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Thymus-Independent Antigens
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B-Cell Activation by Thymus-Independent and
Dependent Antigens
Most TI antigens are polyvalent and induce
maximal Crosslinking of membrane Ig on B cells,
without a Need for T cell help.
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Features of Antibody Responses to T-Dependent and
T-Independent Antigens
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Antibody Effector Functions
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Effector Functions of Antibodies
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Neutralization of Microbes by Antibodies
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Neutralization of Toxins by Antibodies
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Opsonization of Microbes by Antibodies
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Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC)
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Functions of Complement
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Complement-Mediated Lysis of E. coli
Alive
Killed
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Cellular Interactions in Immune Responses
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The Immune Response A Summary
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