www'philadelphiabuildings'org

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Projects 216,978
Architects 20,653
Images 84,293
Institutions - 31
Hits 42,000 a day
Hits since 2000 over 11 million
www.philadelphiabuildings.org
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All Philadelphia Register Buildings
All PA State Inventory Buildings
All National Register Buildings
All HABS-PABuildings
Geographical Coverage
All 50 States
57 Countries
www.philadelphiabuildings.org
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Baxters Panoramic Business Directory, 1859
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Raes Philadelphia Pictorial Directory
Panoramic Advertiser, 1851
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D.J. Kennedy Watercolor, Historical Society of
Pennsylvania, K.1-40.1
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Greens Hotel, from Philadelphia Pa., the Book of
its Bourse, 1898, p. 67
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New Masonic Hall, Wainwright Lithograph
Collection, Library Company of Philadelphia
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Philadelphia Contributionship fire insurance
survey, number 9521
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McElroy Directory, 1857
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Optical Character Recognition Process
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Spreadsheet made from OCR Text
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Hexamer Locher Atlas, 1858, Free Library of
Philadelphia
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Archival Tiff Format with Color Control, Caption
Information and Scale
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Detail of 1858 Hexamer Locher, illustrating
georeferencing with current Philadelphia street
centerlines
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Centralized Model
Athenaeum (PAB)
CML, US Census, research projects
Arch. Drawings
Demo- graphics
Central Data and App Server(s)
Photos
GIS Maps
Scanned Maps
Athenaeum, Library Company, HSP, Phila. Dept. of
Records
Phila. Dept. of Records, City Planning, Water
Dept.
Athenaeum, Free Library
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Centralized Model

• Data stored in one place
• Does not meet local institutional requirements
  (thus duplicated systems)
• Difficult to plan and scale
• Difficult to agree on standards
• Metadata
• Data refreshing
• Access control, use agreements

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Centralized Model

• Applications run on centralized servers
• Faster, but must be controlled in one place

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Distributed Model
Scanned Maps
GIS Maps
PACSCL
Dept. of Records
Photos
Land Use
Photos
Photo Archives
Phila. Negro
Historical Context
PAB
CML
Applications
Data
Arch. Drawings
Demo- graphics
Repositories
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Distributed Model

• Data stored by each institution (or small group
  of institutions)
• or in a distributed set of centralized systems
• Can be built using existing systems, or systems
  designed for other purposes
• Scales by institution
• Need to agree on only basic standards
• Metadata (Dublin Core Geographic Info)
• Protocols for data harvesting

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Distributed Model

• Applications run from anywhere
• Applications can be built as needed for
  particular projects and by different groups
• Slower (retrieving data from different sources
  takes time)
• But needed data can be cached (like Google) to
  provide faster responses

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Data Distribution Approaches

• Entirely map-based, GIS systems
• Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Map Service
  (WMS)
• Proprietary options (SDEs, ESRI, Google Earth)
• Entirely data-based systems
• Open Archives Initiative (OAI)Protocol for
  Metadata Harvesting (PMH)
• XML gateways, Z39.50, and the rest

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Data Distribution Approaches

• Map-based systems
• Easier application development
• Wider compatibility with existing map client
  software
• Significant entry barriers (cost/server speed)
  for providers

• Data-based systems
• Application/network provides geocoding
• Wide support by existing data server software
• Lower entry barriers for data providers

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The Solution?

• Mixed Network Models
• Distributed resources, with centralized systems
  where appropriate
• Mixed Data Distribution Approaches
• For image-rich base maps (atlas plates, aerial
  photography, etc.) WMS
• For data-rich collections (historical photos,
  city directories) OAI spatial temporal.

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Challenges

• Metadata Standards Dublin Core?
• Geospatial and Temporal Metadata
• Map extents, feature points
• Date and time, both instant and spanned
• Precision, Specificity, and Uncertainty
• 702 Chestnut St. vs. 7th Chestnut vs.
  Chestnut St. vs. Philadelphia
• 1902 vs. c. 1900 vs. Early 20th Century

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Challenges (contd)

• Aggregation / Correlation / Change
• Changing place names, boundaries, addresses, and
  uncertain correlations (city directories)
• Re-aggregating data sets (e.g., census data) to
  provide useful comparisons over time
• User Interface
• Providing useful interaction both to experience
  GIS experts, but also to scholars and hobbyists,
  and even tourists.

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