Facilitating MEA Implementation with Cleaner Production:

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Facilitating MEA Implementation with Cleaner
Production

• Stockholm Convention on
• Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)

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Stockholm Convention on POPs

• Global treaty aiming to protect human health and
  the environment from persistent organic
  pollutants (POPs)
• international cooperation in the reduction of
  POPs emissions and, if possible, in their
  elimination
• Adopted in May 2001, Entry into force on 17
  May 2004
• POPs are chemicals that
• remain intact in the environment for long periods
• become widely distributed geographically
• accumulate in the fatty tissues of living
  organisms
• toxic to humans and wildlife

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Stockholm Convention Key Provisions

• Focuses initially on twelve chemicals that can be
  grouped into three categories
• pesticides aldrin, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin,
  endrin, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene (industrial
  chemical and by-product), mirex and toxaphene
• industrial chemicals PCBs (also by-product)
• unintended by-products dioxins and furans
• Parties are obligated to take measures to reduce
  or eliminate releases of POPs covered by the
  Convention

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Stockholm Convention Key Provisions (contd)

• Eliminate the production and use of POPs
• aldrin, chlordane, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor,
  hexachlorobenzene, mirex and toxaphene
• Restrict to certain acceptable purposes the
  production and use of POPs
• DDT for disease vector control
• Restrict export of POPs
• Identify, manage, dispose of POP stockpiles in
  environmentally sound manner
• Sound environmental management of PCBs and remove
  from use by 2025
• Identify sources and reduce releases of POPs
  by-products

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Stockholm Convention Funding Implementation

• Principal entity for interim financial
  arrangements GEF
• fulfill this function through operational
  measures related specifically to POPs
• financial mechanism to be defined by the COP
• Implementation mechanisms requires to
• develop and implement a national plan
• report implemented measures/their effectiveness
• exchange information
• promote public awareness and education
• monitor POP release

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Implementation Actors

• The Conference of Parties (Intergovernmental
  Negotiating Committee during the interim period
  prior to COP1)
• The Secretariat
• National Focal Points
• Information Centers
• Regional and Sub-regional Centres for capacity
  building and technology transfer

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Interim Activities

• Stockholm Convention does not enter into force
  until 50 countries have ratified
• Stockholm Conference adopted resolutions covering
  interim period including
• continued meetings of the INC,
• voluntary implementation of the Convention,
• establishment of a capacity assistance network,
• operation of interim financial mechanism,
• COP 1 preparations

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First Step Implementation Plans

• Development of national implementation plans can
  begin immediately
• Financial resources are available through through
  GEF and World Bank
• UNEP as a implementing agency of the GEF and
  partner with the World Bank on POPs is ready to
  assist countries in obtaining assistance to
  develop these plans

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CP in the Stockholm Convention

• Cleaner Production is relevant as a strategy for
  practical implementation of the precautionary
  approach
• Precaution and prevention are operationalised
  throughout the text, and mentioned in
• preamble and objective
• provisions on the listing of new POPs
• control provisions on intentionally produced POPs
• control provisions on unintentionally produced
  POPs
• text on determination of the BAT
• the provisions on implementation.

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Priority Focus for CP Unintentionally Produced
POPs

• Bans are not effective
• Dioxin/Furans are by-products of many industrial
  processes
• End-of-pipe solutions are
• Expensive to install equipment
• Expensive to monitor releases and compliance with
  command-and-control regulation
• Cannot tackle all sources (esp. SMEs)
• Merely transfer pollution to other media
• gt There is need for Cleaner Production!

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Examples of CP Approaches to Address POP Sources

• Process control, adequate operation and
  maintenance
• Establishing closed production cycles
• Eliminating chlorine-based materials via product
  and process re-design
• Choice of alternative processes/products
• Change of input materials

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Convention Implementation

• Requisites for implementation
• Technical knowledge and financial assistance to
  develop the National Implementation Plan, build
  capacity and implement solutions
• CP practitioners carry out activities that can
  facilitate implementation
• Participate in enabling activities
• creation of the National Implementation Plan
• Assist in capacity building
• Explore opportunities
• Consult the information sources
• Draft action plans

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Convention Implementation Enabling Activities

• Development of National Implementation Plans
• Determine coordinating mechanisms and organize
  the process of developing the NIP
• Inventory of POPs sources
• Assessment of national infrastructure and
  capacity to manage POPs
• Priority setting and determination of objectives
  adopted to local conditions
• Assessment of the needs and formulation a NIP
• Endorsement of the NIP by the stakeholders

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Enabling Activities Role of CPCs

• Assist in development of national implementation
  plans
• 1) Coordinating mechanisms and organising the NIP
  development process
• Offer a forum for the stakeholders dialogue on
  the basis of CP partnerships
• Help to involve industry in the process by
  providing positive motivations
• 2) Inventory of POPs sources
• Use knowledge and experience of working with
  local industries to help create POP release
  inventories (e.g. from pulp and paper, metal
  foundry, textile industry)
• Offer services in creating inventories based on
  emission factors estimations

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Enabling Activities Role of CPCs

• 3) Assessment of national infrastructure and
  capacity to manage POPs
• Use knowledge of the local industry and assess
  potential for POPs elimination while reaching
  economic benefits
• Analyze results of previous Cleaner Production
  assessments and initiatives
• Focus on search for Cleaner Production solutions
  that give positive incentives for industry to
  minimise dioxin/furan emissions
• 4) Priority setting and determination of
  objectives
• Elaborating BAT and BEP adopted to local
  conditions

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Enabling Activities Role of CPCs

• 5) Assessment of the needs and formulation of a
  NIP
• Assist national implementation actors organize
  dialogue and cooperation with industry in
  assessing needs and setting priorities/objectives
  by emphasising, where possible, economic benefits
  of dioxin/furan emissions minimization
• Promote multi-benefit CP solutions for minimising
  POPs releases
• Use experience of formulating National Cleaner
  Production Action Plans, policies and regulations
  available via the NCPC network (e.g. Czech
  Republic, China)
• Analyse existing BAT and BEP and suggest your
  contribution to developing BAT and BEP for
  sources of dioxin/furans in your region
• Offer assistance in determining BAT and BEP to
  the national authorities
• 6) Endorsement of the NIP by the stakeholders
• Assist in conducting the stakeholder dialogue

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Convention Implementation Capacity Building

• National Implementation Plans and strategies
  include the following main activities
• develop and strengthen capacity building of
  developing countries to address threats posed by
  POPs
• promote/effect transition to sustainable
  alternatives
• facilitate the environmentally sound disposal of
  stockpiles of obsolete POP
• facilitate the identification an remediation of
  sites affected by POPs

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Capacity Building Role of CPCs

• Assist with
• delivering effective training,
• creating information exchange and distribution
  channels,
• facilitating transfer of cleaner technology,
• awareness raising via demonstration projects
• Adapt existing Cleaner Production manuals and
  databases
• promote measures for preventing dioxin/furan
  emissions or develop new manuals/guidelines
• Design and implement projects on dioxin/furan
  minimization
• training, and/or technology transfer,
  demonstration projects, etc.

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CP and Stockholm Convention
CP Activities
Stockholm