Music, Culture and Ideas

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Music, Culture and Ideas

• ??, ?????

2
Beethovens AnvilWilliam Benzon

• Music in Mind and Culture
• William L. Benzon ?????, ????????? The Journal
  of Social and Evolutionary Systems)?????, ???
  ??? ?????? Visualizations The Second Computer
  Revolution, ?????????????(AfroEurasian
  Connection)??????

3
The Evolution of Musical Culture

• ??????? ???? ??shelter
• ??????????
• One of the adaptation that followed erectus to
  survive in the steppes.
• Control over the vocal apparatus
• Precursor to music
• 2 million years ago

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The Evolution of Musical Culture

• ???????30??????????
• ?????????? (??????)
• One of the adaptation that followed erectus to
  survive in the steppes.
• Control over the vocal apparatus
• Precursor to music
• 2 million years ago
• ?????????????????????????(?????????)

5
The Evolution of Musical Culture

• March to music
• Rhythmically coordinated group merge from vocal
  mimicry and associated activities.
• The differentiation of language from musicking
• Three milestone from ape to human
• Vocal mimicry
• The origins of musicking
• The differentiation of language from musicking

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The Evolution of Musical Culture

• Gestalt Switch 1 sacred pleasure
• Oubres hypothesis
• The human mind first emerged when musicking gave
  rise the group-synchronized neurodynamics. Such
  states are both a by-product and a catalyst of
  the continuing evolution of hominid consciousness
  and culture.
• Music proper and language were proceeded by
  something that neither one nor the other but
  partakes of both

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The Evolution of Musical Culture

• Gestalt Switch 2 music and language
  differentiate
• Thinking
• on-line brain is attending to the external world
  and directed to it
• off-line brain is focusing on matters that are
  not physically present
• Musicking on-line
• Language off-line

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The Evolution of Musical Culture

• Vocalization become a trigger that evoke the
  others
• On-line voluntary vocalizations are used to
  reference and manipulate off-line nonvocal mental
  structure. Won-won
• Conversation
• Assemble meaning
• decode

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• Consciousness ???Homer?Athenian Golden Age??
• Mental terms were scarce
• Hardly attribute to the mind
• Oedipus the King would not have been possible in
  Homers time
• Take place in mental realm. About mental events,
  acts knowing or denial.

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• New modes of consciousness
• ?????? ??????????????? objectified
• thumos in Iliad
• ?????????
• Thumos ?????
• ??????? ??
• ????????mind???
• ??? objectified the MIND

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?????

• ?? the whole social system become objectified
  and available for your contemplating
• ?????????, but how?
• Dionysian Cult (Apollonian art (dream) of
  sculpture Dionysian art (intoxication) of music)
• Frame Dionysian chorus (reveling throng)
• Scenes Apollonian action (principal celebrants)
  vision dream
• ????????????? ????????vision
• A sweeping opposition of styles
• Dionysian lyrics of the chorus VS the Apollonian
  dream world

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?????????

• Wiora ???4???
• ?????
• ?????from the Sumerian and Egyptian to the late
  Roman, high culture in the Orient
• ????????
• ???????
• ?3?? intrinsically musical emphasis ??? ?? ?? ??

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?????????

• Wiora ????3???
• Age ?? VS Rank??
• Towards rhythmic elaboration
• Strongly ?? the control of melody from control of
  rhythm.
• Harmony is in turn ?? from both rhythm and
  melody
• Intrinsic

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?????????

• Basic experience of music is holistic or Gestalt
  in nature
• I got Rhythm
• Thriving for a Riff
• Anthropology
• ??????
• ???????
• ???????????
• Functional channel ????

15
????Age?????Rank

• Age of music VS culture rank
• culture rank
• number of functional channels required to realize
  the music.
• Culture molds the brain, not biology
• Beethoven Piano sonata VS ?????

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?????????

• ????????
• ?? the control of melody from control of rhythm,
  what does it mean?
• Musical motifs elementary gesture stream, are no
  longer manipulated and elaborated simply as a
  rhythmic gestalt.
• Indian music
• Raga
• tala

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?????????

• ?????
• Harmonic elaboration (rank 3) post-Renaissance
  Europe simultaneous sounding of two or more
  sound
• Renaissance polyphonic two or more
  simultaneously melodic lines
• Three-note chords
• Zarlino (1558) horizontal
• Rameau (1772) vertical triads

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?????????

• Modulation from one key to another
• From Baroque to late 19th century

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?????????

• ?????
• Why???
• Darwin evolution model
• ????? (?????)
• ??????? (interaction between phenotype with the
  external world, survival of the fittest)
• ??? meme
• Performance-level attractor play the phenotype
  role The fate of memes depends on whether they
  contribute to repeated performances

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?????????

• Evolution from HG band to chiefdom
• Musicking ???????
• ???????
• Close ritual, loose mundane
• GO (??????)
• Chief (??)
• Musicking organize Ritual -------
• time coupled brain
• GO chiefhood
• Nuer
• Ritual creates a cultural space where social
  innovation takes place

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?????????

• Where memetic variation comes from?
• From other groups
• In the course of musicking
• Individual invention
• Whatever the source, as long as a group has a
  plentiful supply of memes it has the raw material
  for cultural evolution.

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?????????

• Music and Literacy
• Rank 2 music occurs in civilization with a small
  elite capable of writing
• Elaborate solo singers are members of literate
  societies singing rank 2 music
• The process need to maintain an imaginary other
  while writing and reading is similar to GO or
  chiefhood.

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• ???????? The Gregorian contract and the Primitive