GRAMMAR 101

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GRAMMAR 101

• Punctuation
• Its all in the expression

2
Expression

• Im through with you.
• Im through with you?

Im through with you!
3
Punctuation

• Commas
• Semicolons
• Colons
• Parenthesis
• Dashes
• Quotation Marks
• Apostrophes
• Hyphens

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Commas

• Facial expression pause
• Separates or Sets Off
• Mark said Bob kissed your wife.
• Mark, said Bob, kissed your wife.
• The estate should be divided equally between Sam,
  Steve and Bob.

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Four Basic Principles

• Comes before a coordinating conjunction.
• Follows introductory clauses and phrases.
• Separates items in a series.
• Sets off nonrestrictive phrases and parenthetical
  elements.

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Coordinating conjunctions

• Bob plays the guitar,

and sings the songs.
Bob sings the songs,
but nobody wants to hear him.
No comma
Bob plays the guitar and sings the songs.
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Introductory phrases

• Introductory clause
• Phrase
• Word

, , ,
Independent Clause.
Whenever I fail to study
I fail the test.
,
Having problems with my back
,
I didnt want to go bowling.
I understand what you are saying.
,
Yes
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Separates items in a series

• I like skiing, basketball, and football.

,
I like shushing down the slopes, driving for a
lay-up, and running for a touchdown.
,
Debate
Is that last comma needed?
He washed, set and dried her hair.
You are required to take the following courses
Geometry, Physics, conversational Italian and
Italian history.
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Nonrestrictive and parenthetical phrases

• The Shawshank Redemption, which starts Tim
  Robbins and Morgan Freeman, is a movie about
  hope, redemption, and salvation.

George Bush, a Texan, is the President of the
United States.
But The sport that I like best is basketball.
Basketball, which I like best, will be my major
sport this year.
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Other Stuff

• Late papers, for example, will not be accepted.

That is a beautiful, fast car.
Indeed, I believe you are right.
Will you help me, John.
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Dear John,
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Try These

• 1. Whenever John watches Something About Mary he
  doubles over with laughter.

2. My friend John is in his own opinion a genius
in mathematics. His teachers oddly enough do not
share his opinion.
3. Grilled over the hot coals the chicken looked
and smelled delicious.
4. We intend to stay in San Francisco California
from Tuesday December 22 2002 to Saturday January
3 2003.
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Semicolons

• Facial expression

dramatic
Semiperiod
or
Supercomma
I do all the work

he gets all the credit.
The following are members of the committee

John Jakes, the class clown
Mary Drew, the computer genius


and Stan Lee, the artistic
eccentric.
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Colons

• Expression

Open arms
The following students are to report for football
practice

John, Paul, and Mary
Please get the following items at the store
flowers, wine, and a card.


He lived for one thing

money.
Dont The winners of the contest are John, Paul
and Mary, again.


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Parenthesis
Expression a whisper or an aside.
( )

• He is a person unlike others who likes to
  listen.

( )
see Chapter 19
( )
American Auto Association AAA
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Dashes
Expression dramatic, a pointed finger.

• I do all the work

- -
he gets all the praise.
He is a person
----
Unlike others
----
who likes to listen.
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Quotation Marks

• Father said,

You have to pay rent.

Father said that I would have to pay rent.

John said,
Leave me alone.

Leave me alone,
Said John.

asked her date.
Are you ready?

What is the meaning of the term half-truth ?

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Apostrophes

• Toms cat

Charless novel
Childrens toys
Dont need
three 10s four 2s no ifs ands or
buts Just say three 10s etc.
While were at it, do not confuse
Your with youreThere with their and
theyreWhose with whosIts with its
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Hyphens

• Mother

-
-
in
law
Up
to
-
-
the
-
minute
-
built house
Well
House is well built
Twenty one to ninety nine
-
-
Three fourths
-
-
Ex President
Self made All-American
-
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Abbreviations
Mr.
Inc.
a.m.
Ms.

• e.g.

IBM
IRS
AIDS
NASA
U.S.A.
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Ellipsis

• Love, like other emotions, hascauses and
  consequences.

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Try These

• While Mary was sleeping I cleaned the house.

At the edge of the forest he built his cabin.
There were toys for the children videos for the
teenagers and shopping for us.
We sat through a long dull boring game.
The man who yelled at me is sitting next to Mrs.
Jones.
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Try These

• Mr. Jones who is my coach yelled at me.

I was born on Monday April 3 1956 in Pittsburgh
Pennsylvania.
He wanted to play all the time he flunked out.
He never listened to anything she said she no
longer said anything.
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Try These

• The following players are on the all-star team
  Kobe Bryant the Los Angeles Lakers Karl Malone
  the Utah Jazz and Allen Iverson the Philadelphia
  76ers.

I love everything old old friends, old times, old
manners, old books, and old wines.
These DVD players are the best they have the best
sound and graphics.
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Try These

• The winners of the contest are John, Paul, and
  Mary.

I live by my fathers motto Pay now or pay later.
The rise in housing prices is different in every
area see Section C in Orange County.
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Try These

• After checking the oil, the coolant level, and
  the gas the usual stuff John gave up on the car.

Familiarity breeds contempt and children.
Everything that could go wrong from the broken
car to the declined credit card was blamed on me.
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Try These

• Go home he pleaded before you cause more
  trouble.

Are the players ready asked the coach
Were you surprised when he said hop in
My father gave me these hints when speech-making
Be sincere be brief be seated.
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GRAMMAR 101

• Punctuation
• The End