Fig' 25CO a, p' 448

1
Fig. 25-CO (a), p. 448
2
flowering plants
vascular plants (tracheophytes)
land plants (embryophytes)
seed plants (spermatophytes)
green plants (chlorobionta)
3
gymnosperms naked seeds angiosperms
enclosed seeds (in fruits)
about 900 species
dominant land plants about 275,000 species
4
gymnosperms
angiosperms
star anise group
gnetophytes
magnoliids
water lilies
amborella
monocots
eudicots
conifers
cycads
ginkgo
vessels
double fertilization
loss of swimming sperm
tricolpate pollen (3 apertures)
vessels
loss of swimming sperm
double fertilization (leading to endosperm)
fruits
flowers
seeds
Fig. 25-3, p. 452
5
Monocots
showy flowered
non-showy flowered commelinids
Angiosperms
Lily group
(DNA-based phylogeny)
Ginger group
Eudicots
Grass group
Alismatales
Palms
Magnoliids
Caryophyllids
Laurels
Rosids
single cotyledon
Asterids
Magnolias
Proteales
Peperomias
Ranunculales
Pipe vines
tricolpate pollen
Star anise group
Water lilies
basal angiosperms
Amborella
vessels (in addition to tracheids)
Living gymnosperms
double fertilization
fruit
flowers
Gnetophytes
Conifers
Ginkgo
Cycads
Unknown gymnosperms
Fig. 25-CO (b), p. 448
6
Basal Angiosperms
Nymphaeaceae water lilies (60
species) Nymphaea spp. Illiciaceae star-anise
family (42 species) Illicium verum star anise
(and other Austrobaileyales) Amborella
trichopoda (1 species, found only in New
Caledonia)
7
Basal Angiosperms
first lineages that diverged from the common
ancestor of the angiosperms

• only 170 species
• radially symmetrical flowers
• many free carpels (some partially OPEN) and
  stamens (sometimes petal-like)
• pollen with single aperture
• small embryos with a large endosperm

8
Magnoliids

• morphologically diverse group
• woody plants of warm-temperate to tropical
  climates
• many with spirally arranged tepals, stamens,
  carpels

• Magnolia spp.
• Cinnamomum sp. cinnamon
• Myristica fragrans nutmeg
• Piper nigrum black pepper

Fig. 25-10, p. 460
9
Monocots

• single cotelydon
• parallel veins in leaves
• scattered vascular bundles
• absence of secondary growth
• adventitious root system
• flower parts in (multiples of) three
• About 65,000 species
• lilies, grasses, orchids, palms, onions, tulips,
  banana, pineapple

Grasses (Poaceae) wheat, corn, rice, rye,
barley, millet, oats, sugarcane
10

• pollen with three apertures
• net-veined leaves
• flower parts in fours or fives
• embryo with two cotyledons
• secondary growth
• vascular bundles in a ring arrangement

Eudicots
Fig. 25-15, p. 462
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Eudicots
three major clades and basal eudicots
basal eudicot
pasqueflower Anemone patens Ranunculales
Fig. 25-16, p. 463
12
Asterids
Rosids
Caryophyllids (carnations)
13
Table 25-1, p. 470