P1246990944PKmYG

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FOREST WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
Advanced Wildlife Fisheries Management
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What is Forest Management?
The planning and execution of activities across a
large area to meet generally more than one
management goal. -- wildlife management --
recreation -- timber management
Silviculture vegetation management
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The most effective and important way to manage
wildlife on woodlands is through effective
silviculture and forest management.
All silvicultural techniques benefit some
wildlife species and harm others.
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Management Techniques
Even-aged management --all trees about the same
age Uneven-aged Management --range of
age/diameter classes
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Create a variety of habitat types. Different
sizes. Different shapes. Different
ages. Different cut types.
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Even-Aged Management
Clearcutting Seed-tree Shelterwood
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Clearcutting
Removal of all trees (Forage areas) --2- 50
ha --Edge -- Too much or not enough?
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Seed-Tree Cuts
Leave a few scattered wind-firm trees Maintain
Browse, mast Nesting Habitat
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Shelterwood Cuts
Leave 25-75 of large, vigorous trees Moderate
initial loss, major Habitat improvement --Mainta
in browse, mast --Nesting habitat
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Uneven-Aged Management
Single-Tree Selection Group Selection
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Selection Cuts
Group Selection Cuts 2x height of trees Single
Tree Selection Cuts Avoid high-grading
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Forest Management Basics
Use Shelterwood, Selection Cuts
Maintain Mast Species
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Maintain Mast Species
25-50 of trees mast producers Oak, hickory,
beech, walnut, butternut, cherry Birch, hazel,
alder, apple
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Plant Apple Trees
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Forest Management Basics
Use Shelterwood, Selection Cuts
Maintain Mast Species
Maintain Snags and Cavity Trees
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Maintain Snags and Cavities
Leave all snags (Stage 1-2), except safety
hazards
Emphasize large trees, tall trees, trees with bark
S D C X, Where S no. suitable cavity
trees/40 ha D max. no. nesting pairs/40 ha C
no. cavities excavated/pair/year X no. snags
used no. unused (4)
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Save all Stage 1 and 2 Trees and all
non-hazardous Trees in Stages 3-5.
Good nest sites.
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Maintain Snags and Cavities
Leave all snags (Stage 1-2), except safety
hazards
Emphasize large trees, tall trees, trees with bark
S D C X, Where S no. suitable cavity
trees/40 ha D max. no. nesting pairs/40 ha C
no. cavities excavated/pair/year X no. snags
used no. unused (4)
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Forest Management Basics
Use Shelterwood, Selection Cuts
Maintain Mast Species
Maintain Snags and Cavity Trees
Coarse Woody Debris
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Coarse Woody Debris
5 Uncharred class 1 or 2 logs/ha
Leave all class 3-5 logs
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Coarse Woody Debris

• Larger pieces of CWD are more valuable than
  smaller pieces.
• CWD scattered across a site is more valuable than
  if it is concentrated (although it is good to
  have some piles).
• It is important to maintain a full range of CWD
  decay classes (from hard to crumbling).

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Coarse Woody Debris

• Coniferous CWD is generally more long-lasting
  than deciduous wood.
• A long-term approach to CWD management needs to
  consider the distribution and quantity of future
  sources.
• Minimum 9 m3/ha (Osbourne and Anderson 2002)
•  

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Plant Forest Openings
Clover, alfalfa, deer tongue, flat pea, rye
grass Variety of native/exotic plants avoid
invasives
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No Need to Over Seed
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Daylighting Roads
Herbaceous strips in travel lane and shrubby
borders provide cover and food
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Examples of wetland and floodplain vine and
shrub species that can potentially be used in
restoring degraded wetland and riparian habitats
on the CDCTA.
http//www.wvdnr.gov/wildlife/native_shrubs.shtm
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Planting conifers in small patches can provide
important winter cover for a diversity
of wildlife species.
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Shrubby borders will enhance habitat for
edge-dependent species.
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BRUSH PILES
Payne and Bryant 1998
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Nest Boxes
Toland 2001
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Use Nest Boxes as a Last Resort
Use recommended entrance hole sizes.
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Use Nest Boxes as a Last Resort
Use recommended entrance hole sizes. Use
non-toxic materials. Attach boxes firmly. Use
predator guards. Maintain and service boxes.
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Payne, N. F., and F. C. Bryant 1998. Wildlife
habitat management of forestlands, rangelands,
and farmlands. Krieger Publishing Company,
Malabar, Florida, USA