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WCDR Hyogo Framework for Action:

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Title: WCDR Hyogo Framework for Action:


1
WCDR Hyogo Framework for Action
  • Calls upon member States with support of UN,
    Regional and Civil Society organisations to
    prioritise
  • Incorporation of disaster risk reduction
    measures into post disaster recovery and
    rehabilitation processes,
  • use opportunities during recovery phase to
    develop capacities that reduce disaster risk in
    the long run, including
  • through sharing of expertise , knowledge and
    lessons learnt

2
What recent recovery experiences are telling us
  • UNDP disaster post disaster recovery experiences
    (Gujarat, Indonesia)
  • Non integration of risk reduction in recovery,
    sometimes rebuilding risk
  • Needs assessment not always demand driven, stake
    holder consultative processes weak
  • Institutions set up to manage recovery- have not
    led to sustained national and local capacities
    for disaster deduction
  • Opportunities for Transformative Recovery require
    upscaling of small innovative initiatives led by
    civil society organisations in the larger
    reconstruction plans, which do not always happen

3
Rebuilding Risk/ Rerofitting the Reconstruction
4
Gujarat Earthquake 2001 Rehabilitation the
tyranny of rush
  • 1.5 billion USD programme, to be disbursed
    rapidly, political pressures to speed the
    benefits to affected householders
  • Cash disbursement without hazard resistant
    technology dissemination
  • Danger of rebuilding previous vulnerabilities
  • Monitoring , feed back by Civil society networks
    (setus, funded by DFID, USAID, SDC and
    Netherlands brought about midterm corrections)

5
Indonesia Resettlement plans new risks?
  • Massive destruction of settlements, more than
    400,000 people displaced,
  • Plans to relocate randomly dispersed IDP camps
    into 24 interim shelter camps,
  • Site selection creating new risks as clearing
    hill rain forests
  • Opportunity for zone planning on basis of
    environmental considerations, need to be driven
    by local participative processes
  • Gujarat Civil society networks launched
    participative process of consulting villages and
    reversed GOG policy to relocate villages If
    Recovery plans for Shelter are to lead to
    community resilience needs time, process and
    participation

6
(No Transcript)
7
Indonesia Damage and Needs Assessment
Methodology Formulating recovery programmes
based on consensus and stakeholder participation
  • Assessment driven by the need to secure donor
    commitments
  • Limited possibilities of community and local
    stake holders consultations
  • Multiple agencies appealed for similar sectors
  • Difficult to ensure that global technical skills
    of will come together seamlessly to serve Aceh
    Recovery (these were not part of the sectoral
    needs assessments)
  • Highlights the need to establish predefined roles
    as per comparative advantages, through a shared,
    commonly owned needs assessment methodology

8
Capacity for Managing Recovery
  • UN system Inadequate resources for RECOVERY in
    UNCT
  • absence of predictable surge as in UNDAC, as post
    disaster Recovery programmes swell 8/9 times
    normal developmental operations, BCPR UNDP
    supports co-ordination through Trac resources
    not a predictable UN/ International system
    mechanism
  • National actors Create para-statal to manage
    huge Recovery programmes/ not sustained after
    life of project (MEERP,GSDMA, Office of National
    Reconstruction, Jamaica)
  • Indonesia set reconstruction team in BAPPENAS,
    with 10 sectoral teams
  • Linkages to decentralised BAPPEDAS, and district
    Administration complex , as all developmental
    resources have been delegated to District
    Administration
  • Danger of turning into parallel government
    structures that overlap functions and mandates
    and bypass accountability and control mechanisms

9
Resource vs. local absorptive capacity Indonesia
and Gujarat
  • Indonesia Huge resource commitments for Flash
    Appeal, 350 millionn USD, in flash, 3 .9 billion
    reconstruction plan at CGI, many International
    NGO have upwards of few hundred million USD
  • However absorptive capacity constraints local
    Govt, NGO, civil servants ,already weakened by
    conflict, decimated by Tsunami
  • Possibilities to empower the people of Aceh, and
    Local govt. of Aceh Indonesia need a deep
    consultative process with local communities,
    upscale innovations initiated by civil society
    organisations
  • Gujarat Earthquake Gap at sub-district level, in
    view of Huge magnitude of Funds to be channelised
    by Govt, WB, ADB at the Sub District level
  • Need to strengthen Institutional Capacity at the
    cluster of 15 villages --Sub Center level, to
    absorb development funding, transparency of
    expenditures, grievance redressal, information
    sharing
  • Setting up Setus- Bridges, SDC, USAID and DFID,
    later up scaled under WB funded Rehab Programmes

10
Tsunami Early Warning vs Multi Hazard risk
reduction
  • Indonesian plan is based on science
    seismographs to monitor earthquakes, buoys to
    monitor wave movements, satellite communications
    to trigger siren warning of Tsunami in remote
    communities Aim to reduce dependence on human
    communication chain by making technology
    communicate to people directly
  • However established best practice reveals
    community based preparedness and awareness
    campaigns, local community based mechanisms to
    trigger response work robustly
  • Gujarat Shift from less frequent earthquake to
    more probable Droughts, multi hazard assessment
    and risk management Planning
  • Multi-Hazard prone-drought, cyclones
  • Drought impoverished, cyclone devastated families
    do not have livelihood security to build
    earthquake houses
  • Comprehensive development plan, ecological
    restoration, drought proofing, sustainable
    livelihoods

11
Indonesia Tsunami opportunity for
transformative recovery
  • Aceh has 20 year old separatist movement run by
    GAM, GOI has invested heavily in military
    security
  • Destruction of Police stations, courts and death
    of police personnel Possibilities for reducing
    high cost military security and substituting
    community policing, rule of law institutions
    based on traditional courts
  • Death of civil Servants recruitment for
    Acehenese, open transparent
  • Capacity enhancement of Distt/ sub district
    offices by training, new civil service and
    providing technical support for damage
    assessments, infrastructure and settlement
    planning, risk reduction through mitigation
    measures in housing and spatial planning, early
    warning, and conflict sensitive development
    practices,
  • Progress in Peace talks indicator of opportunity
    to rebuild with peace

12
Key Challenges for International Community/ UN
  • Strengthening international and national
    capacities to deliver recovery strategies and
    programmes informed of lessons learnt from the
    past
  • Institutional arrangements to support local
    empowerment, strengthening local absorptive
    capacities
  • Recovery tool kit commonly shared Needs
    Assessment methodology to derive transitional
    recovery needs, with associated risk mitigation
    components, with division of roles as per
    comparative advantages, and training in these
    tools
  • Predictable partnershipsneed for pre-established
    partnerships across UN agencies, IFIs, key
    government line ministries

13
Defining recovery
  • International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
    (ISDR) definition decisions and actions taken
    after a disaster with a view to restoring or
    improving the pre-disaster living conditions of
    the stricken community, while encouraging and
    facilitating necessary adjustments to reduce
    disaster risk. Recovery from a disaster is thus
    primarily about
  • Shifting focus from saving lives to restoring
    livelihoods
  • Effectively preventing the recurrence of crisis
    situations
  • Harnessing conditions for future development
  • Building on national capacities
  • Empowering communities
  • Determining/addressing root causes and
    vulnerabilities

14
Alternate Paths of Transition from Relief to
Development A Model
MDGs
Sustainable Development MDGs by 2015
Connection Recovery to SHD
Pre disaster HPI Aceh Post
Tsunami HPI Aceh
PRE- Disaster,HDI( poverty index)
Human Poverty Index Poverty as a proxy MDGs
Recovery Community, Govt ownership with
vulnerability reduction , conflict prevention,
builds Community resilience
Ideal Recovery
Continuum of Relief and Recovery
Uneven recovery( cotracter driven)
Unsustainable recovery(siesmically unsafe housing)
TIME
R (ideal) R (delayed) 2015
Humanitarian Response
Transition Recovery
15
International Recovery Platform (IRP) proposed at
WCDR, Kobe
  • The IRP to function as an international
    repository of knowledge and clearing-house
    mechanism for recovery that currently does not
    exist within the UN system.
  • The IRP will promote a shared vision and common
    approach and strategies for its members

16
IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVES
  • To provide a coordination framework and network
    for post-disaster recovery, in support of the
    Resident Coordinator system and disaster affected
    ,donors, IFIs and others
  • To facilitate the dissemination of lessons
    learned and the development of common tools and
    mechanisms
  • To provide advice on the formulation of
    post-disaster recovery planning and programming
    with risk reduction approach
  • To strengthen national capacities for
    post-disaster recovery ensuring links with longer
    term development programming
  • To facilitate South-South co-operation between
    disaster prone countries utilize the accumulated
    know-how of these countries in post-disaster
    recovery.

17
Interlinked service lines of IRP
Recovery operations occur with lack of capacity
and knowledge tools in absence of a concerted
recovery platform
18
1- Advocacy and Knowledge Management
  • Recovery needs assessment and planning tools
  • The systematization of recovery experiences
  • Information Management tools
  • Programming tools

19
2)Capacity Building
  • Activities to build the capacities for
    post-disaster recovery with an emphasis on human
    resource development within UN Country Teams, as
    well as national and international counterparts.
  • Key human resources trained in post-disaster
    recovery concepts and skills.
  • Global network of experts and global databases
    for recovery experts established.
  • Training curricula, manuals and modules produced.

20
3) Enhanced Recovery Operations
  • Provision of common tools and mechanisms for
    operational activities in recovery
  • South-South cooperation amongst disaster prone
    countries that have world-class capacities in
    this area
  • Enhanced capacity of UN Country teams and
    national and local authorities able to develop
    recovery plans that incorporate risk reduction
    and response preparedness elements
  • Technical surge capacity support services
    available to UN Country teams and national and
    local authorities, to provide technical
    assistance to post-disaster recovery operations.
  • Advisory services to UN Country teams and
    national and local authorities to develop
    resource mobilisation strategies, consistent with
    requirements of IFIs including regional banks.
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