Bioluminescence Exercises at LEO15: Summer 1999

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Bioluminescence Exercises at LEO-15 Summer 1999
Mark A. Moline Biological Sciences
Department California Polytechnic State
University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407
James Case Christy Herren Marine Science
Institute University of California, Santa
Barbara, CA 93106
Oscar Schofield Scott Glenn Institute of Marine
and Coastal Sciences Rutgers University, New
Brunswick, NJ 08903
W. Paul Bissett Florida Environmental Research
Institute Tampa, FL 33611
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Goals

• Deploy BBP REMUS _at_ LEO-15
• Sample around REMUS deployment area for
  nearshore optics, physical structure and
  biological patterns
• Assess in water parameters as predictors
• Utilize in water optics to predict potential
  emerging bioluminescence from surface waters

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Strategy

• Deploy REMUS vehicle twice
• Use shipboard profiling on a larger grid
  surrounding the deployment area
• Profile within the REMUS deployment area

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Assets
REMUS (Remote Environmental Monitoring UnitS)
Range 40 km
Navigation long baseline acoustic
Flight Pattern Combination
Bioluminescence Bathyphotometer
Flow Rate 300-500 ml/s
Sensivitity 1E6 - 1E13 photons/s
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Assets
R/V Arabella
Minnow
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Instruments/Parameters
Profiling
REMUS
BRER
BBP
HS-6
Fluorometer
AC-9
--
AC-9
--
HS-6 (AC-9)
OBS
--
LISST
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Sampling Grid(s)
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Sampling Grid(s)
Bathymetry
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2km
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Larger Grid Patterns
BL (ph/s/.35L)
1E7
1E12
REMUS Volume
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Larger Grid Patterns
BL (ph/s/.35L)
1E7
1E12
0
Depth (m)
15
Latitude (5km)
Longitude (2km)
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Larger Grid Patterns
Movie
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Larger Grid Patterns
BL Isosurfaces
1E10 ph/s/35L
0
3E11 ph/s/.35L
Depth (m)
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Latitude (5km)
Longitude (2km)
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REMUS Flight Pattern 1
Depth (m)
Latitude (300m)
Longitude (500m)
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REMUS Bioluminescence Pattern
BL Isosurfaces
5E10ph/s/.35L
1E11ph/s/.35L
Depth (m)
Latitude (300m)
Longitude (500m)
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REMUS Fluorescence Pattern
FL Isosurfaces
380 v
961 v
Depth (m)
Latitude (300m)
Longitude (500m)
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REMUS - Averaged Profiles
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Larger Grid Patterns
BL (ph/s/.35L)
1E7
1E12
0
Depth (m)
15
Latitude (5km)
Longitude (2km)
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REMUS Bioluminescence Pattern
BL Isosurfaces
5E10ph/s/.35L
1E11ph/s/.35L
Depth (m)
Latitude (300m)
Longitude (500m)
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REMUS vs. Grid Profile
Bioluminescence (ph/s/.35L)
1.00E09
1.00E10
1.00E11
1.00E12
0
Profile
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REMUS Run 1
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Depth (m)
REMUS Run 2
9
12
15
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Correlation w/ Profile Parameters
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Conclusions

• Small AUVs show great promise
• Bioluminescence was highly variable in space and
  time
• Majority of bioluminescence was associated with
  heterotrophs
• General patterns for ship and REMUS deployments
  were similar
• Optical parameters not strongly correlated with
  the bioluminescence however the optical
  parameters are essential for propagating BL
  signal (see Paul)

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Future Efforts

• Installation of a BBP on the optical node
• Continuous Real-Time vertical profiles of BL
• Node instrumentation includes IOP optics,
  particle size distribution and FRR
  (photophysiology)
• In conjunction with vertical profiling pump to
  quantify autotrophic/heterotrophic communities.
• Time series mapping of BL potential

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Future Efforts

• Dedicated BBP REMUS system
• Targeted fine scale spatial distribution of BL _at_
  LEO-15
• Vicarious calibrations with the node profiles of
  BL
• Deployment on West Coast to examine seasonal
  responses of BL to runoff events (Plumes and
  Blooms study).
• Spatial mapping of BL potential in shallow
  coastal regions

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Optical properties of the water column directly
impact bioluminescence signal propagation