Chapter 11 The Islamic World Section 1: The Rise of Islam

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Chapter 11 - The Islamic WorldSection 1 The
Rise of Islam
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• The Story Continues
• By the end of the a.d. 400s, the Western Roman
• Empire had collapsed. In the eastern part of the
• empire, the Byzantine culture thrived and
• preserved the learning and scholarship of
• ancient Greece and Rome. Meanwhile, south and
• east of the Byzantines, another vast empire was
• developing in the Arabian Peninsula. It had its
• own thriving economy based on trade. In this
• chapter you will learn about a new religion that
• inspired this empire and encouraged its growth.
• You will also learn about the achievements of
• this culture in the arts and sciences.

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I. Arabia Its Geography and People

• The Arabian Peninsula is bordered by the
• Arabian Sea, the Persian Gulf, the Red Sea,
• and the Syrian Desert

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I. Arabia Its Geography and People

• Except for a narrow strip along the coasts,
• most of the Arabian Peninsula is desert

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I. Arabia Its Geography and People

• Bedouins herded sheep and camels and were
• organized into tribes led by a sheikh

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I. Arabia Its Geography and People

• Along the coasts towns grew up and the
• townspeople became traders

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I. Arabia Its Geography and People

• One important trade center was Mecca,
• located on a caravan route running north
• across the desert to Syria

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II. The Prophet Muhammad

• About A.D. 570, Muhammad was born in
• Mecca and made a living as a caravan trader

Birth of the Prophet Muhammad
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II. The Prophet Muhammad

• When he was about 40, the angel Jibreel
• (Gabriel) appeared and told him that he was
• to be a prophet of Allah

Muhammad's Call to Prophecy and the First
Revelation
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II. The Prophet Muhammad

• The rulers of Mecca opposed Muhammads
• teaching because his ideas threatened their
• authority

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II. The Prophet Muhammad

• They feared that his monotheistic teachings
• might stop pilgrimages to the Kaaba

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II. The Prophet Muhammad

• In A.D. 622, Muhammad and his followers
• moved from Mecca to Yathrib - the hijrah

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II. The Prophet Muhammad

• Yathrib was renamed Medina and the year of
• the hijrah became the first year of the Muslim
• calendar

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II. The Prophet Muhammad

• Muhammad gained many followers and
• tensions between Mecca and Medina led to
• war

Muhammad and his companions advancing on Mecca.
The angels Gabriel, Michael, Israfil and Azrail,
are also in the painting
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II. The Prophet Muhammad

• In A.D. 630 Mecca was defeated and
• Muhammad destroyed the idols in the Kaaba
• and dedicated it to Allah

Muhammad re-dedicating the Black Stone at the
Kaaba
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II. The Prophet Muhammad

• By 632, many Arabs had become followers of
• Islam, which spread across the Middle East
• and into North Africa

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III. The Faith of Islam

• Islam is based on the beliefs that there is only
• one God (Allah) and each believer must obey
• Gods will

Allah is One
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III. The Faith of Islam

• Followers of Islam are called Muslims and
• their holy book is the Quran (Koran)

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III. The Faith of Islam

• The Quran contains the Five Pillars of Islam
• and the importance of the jihad

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III. The Faith of Islam

• The Quran was written only in Arabic because
• Muslims believed that Gods revelations might
• be lost or changed

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III. The Faith of Islam

• Arabic became the common language of
• Muslims in religion, law, literature and trade