Living with Risk: The need to build partnerships

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CEUDIP Meeting 19-20 November Bonn
Disaster Risk Reduction Developments Using the
Hyogo Framework for Action
Paola AlbritoRegional Coordinator Europe,
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
(UN/ISDR)
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Part 1 Disaster Risk Reduction Global Trends
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Intensive Disaster Risk

• 82 disaster mortality 1975-2005 in 20 large
  disasters with over 10,000 deaths each, mainly in
  developing countries
• 38.5 disaster economic loss in 21 large
  disasters with over US 10 billion losses each,
  mainly in developed countries
• Disaster loss, particularly mortality, is
  concentrated in intensive risk hotspots

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Global Hotspot study (World Bank)
lowest 40 middle 30 highest 20
25 million km sq. and 3.4 billion people are
relatively highly exposed to at least one natural
hazard 105 million people are relatively highly
exposed to three or more hazards.
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Global Trends - Disasters are NOT natural
Natural and human-induced hazards Climate change
and variables (global warming and global
dimming)
HAZARDS EXTREME EVENTS
Socio-economic poverty, unplanned urban
growth, lack of awareness and institutional
capacities... Physical insufficient land use
planning, housing, infrastructures located in
hazard prone areas... Environmental degradation
ecosystem degradation coastal, watershed,
marshlands), etc.
VULNERABILITY

Natural hazard
Vulnerability
X
Disaster Risk
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WCDR outcome-

• Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 (HFA)
• 3 Strategic goals
• 5 Priorities for action
• Implementation and follow-up
• Integrate disaster risk reduction into policies,
  plans and programmes of sustainable development
  and poverty reduction
• Recognize risk reduction as both a humanitarian
  and development issue in the context of
  sustainable development
• Focus on national implementation, with
  bilateral, multilateral, regional and
  international cooperation
• Targets and indicators to be developed according
  to needs

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Part 2 Progress on the Implementation of the
Hyogo Framework for Action
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Progress HFA Priority Area 1

• Political momentum at the national and regional
  level in all regions
• Large scale disasters as catalysts for new
  institutional arrangements and legislation
• Focus on disaster preparedness and response. Low
  involvement of development sectors
• Difficulties in implementation

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Progress HFA Priority Area 2

• Growing involvement in compiling national hazard,
  risk and loss information
• Information not yet mainstreamed into planning
  and decision making
• Major advances in early warning
• Difficulties in linking warning to response and
  national systems to local capacities

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Progress HFA Priority Area 3

• Important progress in introducing disaster
  reduction into the school curricula in all
  regions
• Public awareness programmes
• Information portals
• Focused principally on preparedness and response

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Progress HFA Priority Area 4

• Enhancements to building codes and planning
  standards
• Incorporation of disaster reduction into poverty
  and development strategies
• Limited progress in hazard mitigation and
  vulnerability reduction
• Low engagement of private sector civil society
  financial sector (risk transfer)
• Lack of integration of disaster reduction and
  adaptation to climate change strategies

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Progress HFA Priority Area 5

• Widespread progress in improving mechanisms for
  preparedness and response
• Strengthening of capacities of both local
  authorities and communities
• Local level disaster risk reduction is not
  addressing risk factors

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Part 3 Next steps, follow-up to the Global
Platform (Chairs Summary)
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Supporting country efforts

• The need for action is more urgent than ever -
  growing risk and slow progress in implementing
  the Hyogo Framework for Action
• Support to the achievement of a target number of
  national platforms for disaster risk reduction is
  needed
• Investment in risk reduction needs to be
  substantially increased
• Countries need to quickly establish systems to
  monitor and report on their risk profiles and on
  the implementation of the Hyogo Framework
• The private sector should be engaged
• Focus and selection is necessary

www.preventionweb.net/globalplatform
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Programme focus

• Climate change
• Many cities and urban areas are crucibles of
  growing disaster risk
• Women are among the most vulnerable in disasters
• Regional cooperation can play a major role in
  scaling proven practices

ISDR system development

• More effort to engage development partners and
  other key constituencies
• An important task is to develop the ISDR systems
  regional mechanisms, thematic capacities and
  networking
• The Trust Fund for Disaster Reduction needs
  strengthening to support joint work

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GFDRR

• Track 1 Global and Regional Deliverables
• Track 2Country level deliverables
• Track 3Accelerated Disaster Recovery in Low
  Income Countries

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Vulnerability of SEE Region

• SEE is prone to variety of disasters caused by
  the natural and man-made hazards
• Earthquakes (Skopje 1963 Bucharest 1977)
• Floods (seasonal water surges in Balkans)
• Landslides (localized, affecting communities)
• Drought
• Forest Fire
• Technological accidents

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Rationale for the Regional Cooperation

• Many hazards are common to a number of
  neighboring countries
• Information sharing will allow for greater
  reduction of hazard risk at the national and
  regional level
• Individual countries may not be able to cope with
  a major disaster on their own
• Stand-by, fully equipped emergency response units
  and relief materials are expensive
• Countries are small in size and hazards risk
  insurance may not be optimal at the country level

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Objective
To reduce vulnerability of SEE countries, in
line with the Hyogo Framework for Action, by
building the capacity and promoting a coordinated
approach in disaster risk mitigation,
preparedness and response. The initiative will
build on the existing cooperation in the region,
and will complement and consolidate the
activities promoted by active organizations and
initiatives in the region.
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Key Areas of the Initiative

• Hydrological and meteorological forecasting, data
  sharing and early warning system
• Strengthening regional capacities in disaster
  risk reduction and response
• Financing of disaster losses and risk transfer
  mechanism

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What to do and how to do it

• Step 1) Undertake a review for each of the 3
  areas of focus (Get involvement and buying in of
  national, regional partners)
• Step 2) Based on outcome review develop project
  proposal (WB leader) Identify a number of
  countries to express interest on loans/grants WB
  as well as committed partners to support the
  initiative (WMO, EU/EC etc..)
• Step 3) Implementation phase. (Strengthen
  sub-regional existing organizations to facilitate
  the implementation phase in the SEE context)

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Hydrological and Meteorological Forecasting, Data
Sharing and Early Warning System

• Initiative has been agreed during the ICEED
  meeting in Dubrovnik in May 2006
• Strong partnership with WMO
• Objective of this initiative is to promote a
  coordinated approach and data sharing in Hydromet
  services in South Eastern Europe
• Feasibility assessment has been completed and was
  discussed in a regional meeting on October 24-25,
  2007 in Zagreb
• Coverage Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia,
  Montenegro, Croatia, Albania, Macedonia, Bosnia
  Herzegovina

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Flood Forecasting and Early Warning System on
Sava River

• Initiative was agreed during Podgorica meeting of
  the Directors of Hydromet services in Sava river
  countries in April 2007.
• Objectives is to build capacity and to
  re-establish data sharing and collaboration on
  flood forecasting and early warning system on the
  Sava river.
• Feasibility Assessment has been completed and
  discussed in a regional meeting in Zagreb on
  October 24-25, 2007.

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Disaster Risk Reduction and Response

• Objectives is to promote and implement investment
  priorities for strengthening the capacity and
  promote a coordinated approach to disaster
  preparedness and response
• Will be built on existing agreements
  Civil-Military Emergency Planning Council and the
  Disaster Preparedness Initiative of the Stability
  Pact
• Vulnerability Assessment is completed
• More detailed assessment of disaster response is
  needed.

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Catastrophe Risk Transfer

• Creation of a regional catastrophe insurance pool
  that would offer affordably-priced catastrophe
  insurance coverage to governments of SEE
  countries.
• Development of national catastrophe insurance
  programs for homeowners.
• Development of standardized tradable weather risk
  hedging instruments to protect businesses against
  loss of revenue due to adverse weather
  conditions.
• Structuring and issuance of a catastrophe risk
  bond for countries of the region.

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Disaster Risk Reduction and Response

• Objectives is to promote and implement investment
  priorities for strengthening the capacity and
  promote a coordinated approach to disaster
  preparedness and response
• Will be built on existing agreements
  Civil-Military Emergency Planning Council and the
  Disaster Preparedness Initiative of the Stability
  Pact
• Vulnerability Assessment is completed
• More detailed assessment of disaster response is
  needed.

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Partnership

• WB-UN/ISDR secretariat in partnership with main
  UN agencies and actors based on the priority
  areas
• UN Agencies part of the ISDR system WMO, UNICEF,
  UNDP etc..
• Regional Organizations Council of Europe, the
  EU, DPPI, OECD etc..
• Bi-lateral/Multilateral donors Denmark, Finland,
  Switzerland, Italy etc.. (if interest shown by
  the SEE countries and by donor)

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Program ComponentsWB on the DRIVING SEAT

• The following broad components/activities are
  eligible for financing under the program
• Disaster Preparedness
• Disaster Risk Insurance
• Disaster Risk Reduction and Adaptation
• Contingency funding
• Components/activities will be tailored to
  country-specific needs

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Component I Disaster Preparedness

• Eligible activities
• Emergency management equipment such as fire
  trucks, ambulances, search and rescue equipment,
  ..etc
• Communications equipment
• National Command Center
• Forest fire fighting equipment, including planes
  
• Weather forecasting and flood early warning
  system, etc.

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Component II Disaster Risk Insurance

• Eligible activities
• Development of disaster insurance schemes that
  cover
• Government budget
• Business
• Individual households
• Technical Assistance to build government capacity
  in catastrophe risk analysis and risk transfer

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Component III Disaster Risk Reduction and
Adaptation

• Eligible activities
• Hazards mapping
• Flood control
• Dam safety
• Retrofitting of schools and hospitals
• Retrofitting of major infrastructure
• Revisions of building codes and land use plans
• Etc..

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Component IV Contingency Funding

• Eligible activities
• Immediate Funds for the use of government in the
  aftermath of a disaster caused by the impact of
  natural hazards.

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Phasing

• Phase I Will include relatively cheap, but high
  impact, non-structural components/activities
• Disaster Preparedness
• Insurance
• Non-structural activities under Disaster Risk
  Reduction and Adaptation such as revisions in
  building codes and land use plans and hazards
  mapping
• Development of comprehensive national strategies
  for disaster risk mitigation and adaptation

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Phasing (Cont.)

• Phase II Structural investments
• Disaster Risk Reduction and Adaptation such as
  flood control, dam safety, retrofitting of
  buildings, retrofitting of key infrastructure,
  ..etc.
• Countries may choose to combine phase I and phase
  II under one operation

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Phasing (cont.)

• In both phases governments could have access to
  contingency funding (called DDO) in the aftermath
  of disasters
• DDO will provide financing to meet the immediate
  cash needs of government following a disaster

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Advantages of Phasing

• Will enable speedy preparation and start
  implementation of critical activities under phase
  I
• Will give governments time to come up with a
  comprehensive strategy for disaster risk
  reduction and adaptation to define priorities
  according to economic, financial, environmental
  and social criteria

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Next Steps and Timing

• Bank communicated to all governments on the
  proposed program
• Interested governments will decide on the list of
  components/activities to be included in their
  project
• Bank team will work with governments to finalize
  project documents
• Financing arrangements will be agreed with
  governments and other partners.

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Thank you
United Nations, secretariat of the International
Strategy for Disaster Reduction International
Environment House II 7-9 Chemin de Balexert, CH
1219 Chatelaine Geneva 10, SwitzerlandTel 41
22 917 8908/8907Fax [phone]isdr_at_un.org