Chapter 7: The Renaissance 14001600

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Chapter 7 The Renaissance(1400-1600)
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Visual Arts

• Artists of note -
• Donato di Niccolò Donatello (1386-1466)
• Andrea Mantegna (c. 1431-1506)
• Sandro Botticelli (1440-1510)
• Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
• Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564)

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Music

• Musicians of note -
• Guillaume Dufay (c. 1400-1474)
• Josquin Desprez (c. 1440-1521)
• Heinrich Isaac (1450-1517)
• Thomas Tallis (c. 1505-1585)
• Andrea Gabrieli (c. 1520-1586)
• Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (c. 1525-1594)
• Orlando de Lasso (1532-1594)
• William Byrd (1543-1623)
• Giovanni Gabrieli (c. 1555-1612)

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Historical Figures Events

• Lorenzo de Medici (1449-1492)
• Gutenberg Bible (1454)
• Martin Luther (1483-1546)
• Henry VIII (1491-1547)
• First voyage of Columbus (1492)
• Luther posts his Ninety-Five Theses (1517)
• Church of England separates from Papacy (1534)
• Council of Trent (1545)
• William Shakespeare (1564-1616)

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Study Objectives

• Pronunciation Guide (p.129)
• Renaissance marks a return to the ideals of Greek
  humanism and individualism
• Scientific research influenced art through
  perspective and anatomy, and how it influenced
  music in harmonic structure
• Renaissance humanism is reflected in the creative
  efforts of its artists
• Artists reveal themselves in the function,
  subject matter, and expressive content of those
  works of art recognized as among the greatest of
  all time
• Patronage of artists and musicians was divided
  between the Church and the aristocracy

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General characteristics

• Renaissance (literally, rebirth) continues
  development of humanism begun in Gothic period
• Artists cultivated Greek culture because of
  similarity in attitudes toward life
• A time for change, discoveries, and for
  inventions
• Discovery of new world
• Protestant reformation
• Invention of the printing press
• Struggle between Church and State with spread of
  humanistic thought and scientific advances
  weakened loyalty to spiritual authority
• Materialism and individualism become goals in
  life

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Patronage

• The Church is still the richest institution to
  patronize art
• Religious purposes are secondary concerns of the
  artist
• Strong influence of secular patronage begins in
  Renaissance
• Social importance attached to making music after
  meals
• Cities and towns retained bands of musicians for
  ceremonial music and special celebrations

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Realism in art

• Artists were inspired by scientific research and
  exploration
• Studies and measurements of classical
  architecture and sculpture led to development of
  rules of proportion and perspective
• Artists create illusion of space more
  realistically
• Andrea Mantegna The Dead Christ (fig. 7.1, p.
  134)
• Studies of human anatomy (muscles, tissue and
  bony structures) were required studies of young
  artists
• Interest in human form removes the medieval
  connotation of shame from depiction of nudity

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Painting

• Increasing use of linear perspective in paintings
• Colorplates 22, 25, 30
• Brilliant polychromatic color is a general
  characteristic of Renaissnace painting
• Several stylistic conventions become integral
  parts of painting
• Painting must be true to nature
• Use of objects symbolic of things not in scene
  but necessary to its complete understanding
• Organization of an artwork reflects its function

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Painting

• Fra Angelico
• Chose sacred subjects almost exclusively
• Many of his works designed to decorate churches
• Botticelli
• The Birth of Venus (colorplate 23)
• Enamored of idealized beauty of pagan mythology
• Later turned to religious painting burned some
  of his earlier mythological works

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