M LEVEL

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READING OBJECTIVE 5 INTERPRET GRAPHIC
INFORMATION
M LEVEL Grade Level 4.0-5.9 Scale Sores 461-517 D
Level Grade Level 4.0-5.9 Scales Scores 518-566
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Interpret Graphic Information Define Graphic
information is visual representations of
information, data or knowledge.   Graphic
information helps to illustrate information that
would be cumbersome in written form, and acts as
visual shorthand for everyday concepts and
simplifies messages.
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Graphics are used anywhere, that information
needs to be explained quickly or simply such as
newspapers,childrens books, scientific
information, blue prints for construction and
construction of crafts, toys and furniture.  

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TABE 9/10 addresses the use of Graphic
Information using five (5) categories under the
Interpreting Graphic Information.
1. Graphs M 2/0 2. Forms M 2/2 3.
Consumer Materials M1/0 D 3/2 4. Index M 0/2
D 0/2 5. References Sources D 1/1 M
5/4 D 4/5
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TABE 9/10 utilizes three (3) types of graphs
BAR GRAPHS LINE GRAPHS CIRCLE GRAPHS
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Bar Graph
Bar Graphs use thick lines (which look like bars)
to show data. These bars may be drawn either
vertically (up and down) or horizontally
(across). Hint The bar graph will have a title
which explains what the graph is illustrating or
comparing.
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Grays Sales by Quarter 2005
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Circle Graphs
Circle Graphs are very useful when you want to
show what part of a whole thing each part makes
up.  A circle graph is drawn as a divided
circle.  Each piece is given a name and value.
The whole circle represents all or (100) of the
data being displayed. Before trying to interpret
information about the graph look for the title
and then the percent/whole assigned to each
section.
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Line Graph
Sometimes you want to illustrate that change has
taken place over a period of time. Using a line
graph would be the perfect solution.   Line
Graphs use dots connected to thin lines to plot
an outline across the graph. Like the bar graph,
a line graph is drawn using values along a
vertical (up and down) and horizontal (across)
axis to show the data. The dots connected by the
lines show a charted outline of the graphic
information. Now let's look at a line graph.
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FORMS
Forms are a necessary part of our daily survival.
We fill out forms for many reasons, but primarily
we are providing information about ourselves
and/or our family. TABE 9/10 focuses on short
phrases or abbreviations when asking for
information.  So a key to being successful is to
become familiar with the phrases and
abbreviations.
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Consumer Materials TABE 9/10 test Consumer
Material in a variety of areas   Schedules
(Bus/TV/Plane/Sports)   Food Products  Cans
Goods/Cereal/Etc.   Newspaper Ads Classified,
Help Wanted and General Advertising (Note
Abbreviation)  Contracts Cable /Satellite TV,
Credit Card,Cell/Telephone, Check Cashing, Bank
Loan,Lease for House/Apartment, Car, etc
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Index
A books index is at the back.  The index
contains names, topics, and important terms that
are mentioned in the book. Terms are listed
alphabetical order and next to the item is the
page in the book where the subject items are
discussed.  Some books give additional
information called sub-entries.
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Magazines may also have an index listed in the
back. The information maybe alphabetized. The
information would tell about where to purchase
certain items, cost, sizes, etc.
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Reference Sources
 References sources give information or tell
where to find information.  TABE 9/10 utilizes
samples from               Card Catalogs       
       Glossary               National Newspaper
Index        Readers Guide to Periodical
            Literature (List articles, stories
and poems printed in over 200
magazines).
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• READING OBJECTIVE 6
• WORDS IN CONTEXT
• LEVEL M
• Grade Level 4.0 5.9
• SCALE SCORE 461-517
• LEVEL D
• Grade Level 6.0 8.9
• SCALE SCORE 518-566
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WORDS IN CONTEXT Same Meaning (Synonyms)
M/3/4 D 2/1 Opposites Meaning (Antonyms)
M 1/2 D 2/2 Appropriate
Word D 0/1 M 4/6
D 4/4
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Words in Context on TABE 9/10 addresses three (3)
areas
Synonyms Antonyms Appropriate Word
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Synonyms Words that have the same or almost
the same meaning.  Example  Happy, Cheerful,
Jolly, Merry, and Joyful
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Antonyms Two words that are opposite in
meaning.                               Example 
Happy/Sad Night/Day Man/Woman
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Appropriate Word  Many words have the same
meaning, but an appropriate word is the best word
for a particular sentence.   Coach /Teacher/
Instructor He is the head football coach.  
Tiny/Miniature/Small/Petite She is a very
petite person.
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• Reading Objective 7
• RECALL INFORMATION
• Reading Level M
• Grade Level 4.0 - 5.9
• SCALE SCORE 461-517
• Level D
• Grade Level 6.0 - 8.9
• SCALE SCORE 518-566
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Objective 7 Recall Information
TABE 9/10 concentrates on three (3) sub-
objective under Recall Information. They are
Details M 5/6 D 6/8 Sequence M 4/4 D
4/5 Stated Concepts M 4/3 D 3/2 Total? M 13/13
D 13/15
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• Details 
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•    Every reading passage contains Details or
  (facts). Facts and details often answer the 5 W
  questions

WHO        WHAT WHERE WHEN WHY
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•  Sequence
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• Sequence The order in which things happen in a
  story/event/life is called sequence. Sequence
  tells what happened first, what happened second,
  and so on.
• Clue words such as first, next, then, last,
  finally, before and after often tell the order in
  which things happen.
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• Stated Concepts
• In factual reading material the authors states
  facts and ideas or concepts. When you read
  factual material, look for these stated
  concepts.  They provide information about the
  topics.

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• Objective 7 Construct Meaning

TABE 9/10 identifies seven (7) sub-objectives
under Construct Meaning.  They are
1.  Character Aspects M 0/2 D
1/2 2.  Main Idea M 6/3 D
1/2 3.  Summary Paraphrase M 2/3 D
4/2 4.  Cause and Effect M 1/2 D
2/0 5.  Compare and Contrast M 2/4 D 2/2 6. 
Conclusion M 1/3 D
3/3 7.  Supporting Evidence M 2/0 D 4/2
Total ? M 14/17 D 17/13
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Character Traits

• Character traits are the qualities/behaviors that
  an author gives a character.  Authors let the
  readers know what a character is like through
  their words, thoughts and actions.
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• Activity  Have students write out the letters in
  their 1st name in capitals letters. Then lists on
  character trait that corresponds with each
  letter.
• M Merry
• E  - Energetic
• R -  Reliable 
• R -  Refined
• E -  Enthusiastic  

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Main Idea

• The Main idea is the most important idea in a
  story.  The main idea tells what a story is
  mainly about.

The main idea may be found in the first sentence
of a story.   The main idea may be in the last
sentence of the story.   The main idea may not be
clearly in the story.  Just ask, What is this
story telling me?               
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  Summary and Paraphrase

• In a summary you use your own words to give the
  main idea of a passage. You do not include a lot
  of detail.
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• In a paraphrase you restate something in your own
  words, and do include details.
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Summary and ParaphraseSample Passage

• People do a great deal of walking in their
  lifetime.  Many people would be amazed to find
  out how many miles they have walked.  Most people
  walk a distance that would add up to a trip
  around the world.
• Experts say that most eighty-year olds have taken
  enough steps to have walked six times around the
  world.

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Summary Example

• The distance a person walks in a lifetime adds up
  to an amazing amount.  It equals from one to six
  trips around the world.

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 Paraphrase Example

• Over their whole lives people walk a lot.  It
  surprises most of us to learn that we have walked
  so many miles. It could add up to a trip around
  the world.  In eighty years of steps a person
  would have walked enough, to  add up to six trips
  around the world.

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Cause and Effect

• A cause is an action or event that brings about
  other actions or events.
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• An effect is the outcome of an action or event.
•                What happened?  (effect)
•                Why did it happen? (cause)
• Cause and effect signal words are because,
  therefore, so, as a result of, consequently,
  thus, due to, since, in order to, if and then.

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•   Compare and Contrast
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• Comparisons show how two or more people or things
  are alike.
• Signal/Clue words for comparison
• alike, and, both, likewise, like, by comparison,
  similar to, and in the same way.
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• Contrast shows how two or more people or things
  are different.
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• Signal words for contrast are
• unlike, on the other hand, different, but, in
  contrast to, however, still, while or although.
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Drawing Conclusion

• Drawing Conclusion is making a judgment based on
  facts and what experience has taught you.
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•  The facts add up.  They help you to understand
  the writers point.  To draw conclusion from what
  you read, pay close attention.

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•     Here is a formula for drawing a conclusion

Facts       Personal Knowledge  Conclusion  
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Drawing Conclusion Examples

•  During an earthquake buildings on loose soil
  shake more violently.
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• Conclusion
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• During an earthquake, buildings on loose soil are
  more likely to be damaged.    

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Supporting Evidence

• In a reading passage the supporting evidence  is
  the phrases or sentences that tell about the main
  idea (the most important idea in a passage).
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• Example
•    America has many outstanding land features. 
  Dense forests run along our northern border.  Dry
  deserts cover the
• Southwest.  One of the longest rivers in the
  world divides one-third of our country from the
  rest.  In addition, there are mountains in the
  East and West.  

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• Supporting Evidence Example
• Born in 1867 in Lake Pepin, Wisconsin, Laura
  Ingalls Wilder, along with her family lived in a
  log cabin.  It was located at the edge, of a
  large woods.  Later they moved to Kansas,
  Minnesota, and the Dakota Territory. Laura
  Ingalls Wilder spent her early life in the Mid-
  West.
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READING OBJECTIVE 9 EVALUATE/EXTENDED
MEANING LEVEL M Grade Level 4.0
5.9 SCALE SCORE 461-517
LEVEL D Grade Level 6.0 8.9 SCALE SCORE
518-566
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 Objective 9Evaluate/Extended Meaning

• There are eight (8) sub-objectives under Evaluate
  and Extend Meaning

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• 1.   Fact/Opinion M 2/1 D
  3/1
• 2. Predict Outcomes M 1/1 D 2/0
• 3. Apply Passage Elements M 2/3 D 0/1
• 4. Generalization M 3/1 D 2/2
• 5. Authors Effect/Intention M 4/1 D 2/2
• 6. Authors Purpose M 2/2 D 1/2
• 7. Style Techniques M 0/1 D 2/1
• 8. Genre
  D ¼
• Total ? M 14/10 D? 13/13
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Fact/Opinion

•     A fact is a statement that can be tested and
  proved.
• Example
• George Washington was the
• first President of the United States.

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•     An opinion tells how a person thinks or fells
  about something.
• Example
• George Washington was the
• greatest president.

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Signal/Clue Words for an Opinion

• it seems
• I think
• greatest
• terrible
• should
• wonderful

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More of facts and opinions examples

• Monticello in Virginia was Thomas Jeffersons
  home.  He designed the house himself, basing it
  on classical architecture.  After all, classical
  architecture is the best model of harmony and
  proportion.  The Temple of Vesta in Rome inspired
  the columned porticos Jefferson used at
  Monticello.
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Predict Outcomes

• A prediction is something you think will happen
  in the future. A writer gives clues to help you
  predict what will happen next and this is called
  predicting outcomes.

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Signal/Clue Words for Predicting Outcomes

• probably, or most likely
• Example
• Characters in stories act in a consistent way. If
  a character named Tom is usually curious, you can
  predict what he will do when he sees an
  odd-shaped box sitting on the table.  He will
  look inside.

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• Apply Passage Elements
• Writers often use elements/details/facts that
  allow you to learn more than just what their
  words have stated. Readers use these details to
  extend the meaning of what was read.
• Example
• They call it the devilfish.  This sea creature
  has wide fins that look like great points wings
  and points that look like horns on its head.  It
  also has a long whip like tail.  On species of
  manta ray, called Atlantic manta, grows to more
  than 23 feet. Superstitious fisherman, fear them
  and think that a ray will wrap people in its huge
  wings and eat them.

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A manta rays body shape is probably

• A.      tall and thin
• B.      perfectly round
• C.     wide and flat

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Picture of Atlantic Manta Ray

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Generalization

• A generalization is a conclusion that applies
  to many people, events or situations. Several
  facts or specific examples lead you to make a
  logical generalization.
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• Signal/Clue words that may help you with
  generalizations most generally usually
• many typically few all
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• Example
• Fish live in rivers, lakes, streams, and the
  ocean.  They have streamlined bodies and fins
  that help them move through the water.  They
  have gills for taking in oxygen from water.

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From this passage we can generalize that fish

• A.       move very quickly
• B.      are easy to tame
• C. always live in water.

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Authors PurposeMost authors have four (4)
purposes in mind when they write.

• 1.       Persuade (make someone want do
  
  something)
• 2.       Inform (to give information)
• 3.       Describe (give a description of someone
  
• or something)
• 4.       Entertain (tell a story)
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Example

•   Why do bees leave their old home for new one? 
• The reason may be that their old home is too
• crowded.  There may not be enough room for bees
  to store all the honey they need for food.
• a.       to entertain
• b.       to inform
• c.       to persuade
• d.      to describe
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Authors Intentions and Effect(How people react)

•     Examples of authors intentions are
  
• 1.    to entertain
• 2.    inform
• 3.    persuade
• 4.    to express feelings

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• Once an author decides on one or more of the
  intentions listed above then they must decide
  what style/technique will be most effective.
• Example 
• 1. If the authors intention is tell the  
• readers how to make vegetable soup
• then a straightfoward, no-nonsense
• approach is probably most effective.
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• 2.  It s so important to encourage
  organic gardening. If you have a garden go
  organic if you dont buy organic. Sure, it costs
  a little more, but its so better for you and
  your family.  Which would you rather put in your
  mouth lettuce that s been poisoned by chemical
  fertilizers and pesticides, or lettuce thats
  pure and healthy.
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• In this article the author uses the words better,
  poisoned, pure, and healthy to persuade readers
  to join his/her position. 
• So the effect of the passage is convince the
  readers to go organic, and the author could be
  described as determined or impassioned. 
• Another author could write about the same
  subject in a completely different way just by
  changing the tone.
• Resources Newspaper/magazine Advice Columns
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Style Techniques

• A writers style can be as individual as a
  fingerprint!
• Authors have their own unique style of writing. 
  Some have such a unique style that a passage of
  their work could be identified as their work even
  when taken out of their work.

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GenreGenre refers to kinds of writing such as

• 1.     Fiction- is made up. This include
  science/  
• realistic/historical fiction, myths, and tall 
  
• tales.
• 2.     Poetry paints pictures of ideas or
  images, using
• carefully chosen words and sounds.  It may
  be
• long or short/create one or many images/or
  be a
• song.
• 3.    Drama- meant to be performed by actors. 
  When
• the play is presented the actors speak and
  act as
• characters.
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• 4.    Nonfiction-literature designed to
  communicate information,
  biographies, newspaper and magazine articles and
  reports are types of nonfiction.
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• Example of Resources
•  newspapers
• magazines
• latest best selling novel
• paperback books
• fairy tales
• folktales
• nursery rhymes
• greeting cards
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