Approach to Diseases

1
Approach to Diseases

• Problem-oriented system
• To be consistent
• To avoid missing something
• To keep complete, useful records
• Example SOAP
• Subjective
• Objective
• ______________
• Plan

2
Subjective

• What you think of what you see
• Bright, alert, responsive? Other?
• Hydration status
• General opinions and history

3
Objective

• Just the facts, maam (Dragnet)
• Examination, physical findings
• Temperature, pulse, respiration
• Lab test results
• Radiograph, ultrasound, CT or MRI results
• ______________ (inputs, outputs, etc)

4
_____________

• What you think what you measure
• Have a system!

DAMNIT
DAMNIT
Developmental Degenerative Acquired Autoimmune,
anomalies, allergies Metabolic (Miscellaneous)
__________ Neoplastic Infectious Inflammatory,
iatrogenic, immune, idiopathic Traumatic Toxic
5
Plan

• Plan for communication (staff, owner, etc)
• Plan for education
• Plan for tests or procedures
• Plan for _____________
• Immediate
• Longer-term
• Expectations
• Prognosis (for education, compliance, treatment
  and outcome)
• Know where youre going and what obstacles
  challenges you may face

6
General comments on disease transmission

• Organisms come from somewhere
• Feces, urine, secretions, vectors, environment
• Organisms need ________________________
• _
• _
• Diseases (many) can be treated
• Invasion often can be prevented
• __________, parasite control, environment set-up
• Health care, vaccinations
• ______________
• Understanding of biology, life cycles, etc.

7
Anatomy Physiology

• Foundation systems
• Communication Transportation
• Life sensation support

8
Anatomy Physiology

• Foundation systems
• Skeleton
• Muscles
• _______ (integument)

9
Examples - foundations

• Skin
• Ringworm
• Abscesses
• Muscle Lyme disease
• Skeleton DAMNIT
• Development, anomalies, metabolism/nutrition,
  neoplasia, infection, trauma

10
SKIN - RINGWORM

• S
• Patchy hair loss, scabbing scaling, itching
  (mild-moderate), mis-shaped claws? (see also
  Fig 14.1)
• Animal is bright, alert, responsive, hydrated
• Owner may be itchy, red rings on skin

11
SKIN - RINGWORM

• O culture () on Dermatophyte test
• A Dermatophytosis (ringworm)
• Source soil _________ Mycosporum (2) or
  Trichophyton
• Entry keratin of skin, hair, nails, usually
  younger animals, children, menwomen
• P shave and treat (topical, systemic anti-fungal
  medications), treat 2 infections, immune issue??
• Prevention vaccine?
• Be observant, treat ASAP

12
SKIN-CAT ABSCESS

• S
• swelling under skin /- rupture drainage, pain
  inflammation
• Animal may be depressed, lethargic, dehydrated
• May get history of fighting, puncture
• (HINT check _________ too!)

13
ABSCESSES

• O
• fever, high WBC count in blood tests, bacteria
  cultured in wounds Pasteurella
• A abscess
• Source of infection __________ from mouth
  shoved under skin in fight or injury.
• Pasteurella normal in mouth, abnormal under
  skin. Immune system responds to invading organism
  inflammation, pain, infection, ________
  infection, /- rupture

14
ABSCESSES

• Plan
• Wound drainage, cleaning
• Antibiotics (right drug,
• right dosing)
• Dental care as needed
• Treat other injuries from fight, etc.
• Prevention
• __________________, life style, friends
• Attention to teeth (rabbits!), dental care

15
MUSCLE LYME Dz

• S DOG
• Lameness swollen joints, one () legs
• Dull, depressed, no appetite (ADR)
• History of _______ exposure
• O
• Fever
• Blood antibodies to Borrelia spp (ELISA, PCR)

16
MUSCLE LYME Dz

• A Lyme disease
• Source Borrelia burgdorfi spirochete bacteria
• Entry carried by tick (Ixodes spp, deer
  tick), injected into host with tick bite
• P
• Treat disease with antibiotics
• _______________________
• Vaccine? (high risk only)

17
SKELETON

• S lameness, painful bones or joints
• O radiographs, MRI?, biopsy results
• A variety DAMNIT
• P depends on the problem
• Examples