CHINESE MEDICINE - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 18
About This Presentation
Title:

CHINESE MEDICINE

Description:

Black, Javan and Sumatran Rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered in the ... Rhinos : http://www.worldwildlife.org/trade/tcm.cfm (left picture: Esmond ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:437
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 19
Provided by: cedr8
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: CHINESE MEDICINE


1
CHINESE MEDICINE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
CURRENT STATE PERSPECTIVES FOR ENDANGERED
SPECIES
2
Tiger
(Panthera tigris)
Hu Gu
  • 5100 7500 individuals (5 subspecies) remaining
    in the wild.
  • 100 000 in the early XXth century.
  • 3 subspecies (Bali, Caspian Sea, Javan) lost in
    the last 60 years.
  • 6 -11kg of dry bone/1tiger. In the early 90s
    the average import of tiger bones into some
    countries could exceed 1.5t/year.
  • Classified as Endangered in the 2006 IUCN Red
    List of Threatened Species Listed in Appendix
    I of CITES. Protected and trade illegal in many
    countries.
  • Since the middle of the 90s, governements and
    TM world, in partnership with NGOs, became aware
    of tiger plight, and efforts have been made.

3
Rhinos
Rhinoceros
Xi Jiao
  • Africa 11300 White Rhinos et 3600 Black rhinos
    (100 000 black rhinos in the 60s).
  • Asia Less than 3000 individuals for the 3
    asiatic species together.
  • Black, Javan and Sumatran Rhinos are classified
    as Critically Endangered in the IUCN Red List
    the Indian Rhino is Endangered and the white one,
    Near Threatened. All Rhinos are in Appendix I of
    CITES (except south african white rhinos in
    Appendix II). Protected and trade illegal in many
    countries.
  • As for the Tiger, progresses have been made
    since the 90s.

4
Musk Deer
(Moschus spp.)
She Xiang
  • Global population estimation 400 000 - 800 000
    individuals, divided in at least 4 species.
  • Russian populations have fallen by around 50 in
    the last 10 years.
  • 120-200 deer hunted for 1 kg of musk.
  • Annual demand for musk in China alone 500
    1000 kg
  • Farming production about 50kg/ year.
  • Strong increasing of demand and supply.
  • All species listed in Appendix II of CITES,
    except the Siberian Musk Deer, in Appendix I and
    classified as Vulnerable in the 2006 IUCN Red
    List. Protected in most of the concerned
    countries.

5
Asiatic Black Bear
(Ursus thibetanus)
Xiong Dan
  • 15 000 individuals in China. Half living in
    captivity.
  • Farming in Vietnam and Korea.
  • Deplorable conditions of detention, painfull
    traitement and bile extraction,
  • poaching of wild individuals.
  • Strong increasing of demand and supply.
  • Worlwide bile consumption 4-5 t / year (500
    kg, 25 years ago).
  • Protected species and bile trade is illegal in
    some countries.
  • Classified as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List,
    and in Appendix I of CITES.

6
Snow Leopard
(Uncia uncia)
Bao Gu
  • 4000 7000 individuals remaining in 12
    countries.
  • Extinct in several areas where it formerly
    could be found.
  • Leopard products are used as substitute to tiger
    products.
  • Strong increasing of demand and supply (mostly
    since the ban on tiger products).
  • Classified as Endangered in the IUCN Red List
  • listed in Appendix I of CITES.

7
Saïga Antilope
(Saïga tatarica)
Ling Yang Jiao
  • Extinct in China in the 40s.
  • Population have fallen by around 80-90 in the
    last 10 years.
  • In some population, proportion of male is only
    1 ( normal ratio 14) This leads to a
    reproductive collapse.
  • Chinese import from 1990 to 1992 represent more
    than 440 000 individuals (about 1/3 of the
    population at that time).
  • Classified as Critically Endangered in the IUCN
    Red List and listed in Appendix II of Cites.

8
Seahorses
(Hippocampus spp.)
Hai Ma
  • Trade in Seahorses boomed in the 80s.
  • Consumption increases by between 8 and 10 /
    year.
  • Because of high demand and decreasing catches,
    demand far exceeds supplies.
  • Global consumption at least 25 million
    individuals/year (70t) in the 2000s.
  • Populations from several coutries declined by 50
    between 1990 and 1995 South-eastern
    populations like Phillipines population have
    slumped by 70 between 1985 et 1995.
  • All Seahorses species with sufficient datas are
    at least classified as Vulnerable and listed in
    Appendix II of Cites.

9
Plants
  • More than 70 of plants collection are made in
    natural environment. Several species are on the
    verge of extinction.
  • Unsustainable collection of wild ginseng (Ye
    Shan Shen). US exports 60t/year of American
    Ginseng (Xi Yang Shen). Russian and american
    ginseng are listed in Appendix II of CITES.
  • Licorice root (Gan Cao, Glycyrrhyza sp.)
    threaned by unsustainable collection. Growth area
    deacreased from 50000miles² to 19000miles².

Costus root (Mu Xiang, Saussurea lappa) is
listed in Appendix I of CITES.
10
From Henry, L.A. 2004. A Tale of Two Cities A
Comparative Study of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Markets in San Francisco and New York City.
TRAFFIC North America. Washington D.C. World
Wildlife Fund.
11
Farewell ?
12
SOLUTIONS (I)
  • Boycott of endangered species
  • Better prevention of diseases
  • Promote other therapeutic methods of TCM
  • Research for development of substitutes coming
    from global pharmacopoea

13
SOLUTIONS (II)
  • Increased repression of illegal trade, stronger
    involvment of governments.
  • Obligation for sensitive products to be available
    only on prescription.
  • Information to the general public and
    professionals about the real usefulness of
    endangered species-based products and their
    substitutes.

14
Last Path
Learning and Acting for the Survival of
Threatened Plants and Animals used in Traditional
Healthcare
Get involved!
  • Phone 011 33 689 033 669
  • E-Mail lastpath_at_aol.com

15
Sources (I)
  • www.iucnredlist.org

16
Sources (II)
www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.pdf
Henry, L.A. 2004. A Tale of Two Cities A
Comparative Study of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Markets in San Francisco and New York City.
TRAFFIC North America. Washington D.C. World
Wildlife Fund. (data tables in diapo 6)
Fratkin, J.P. (2001). Chinese Herbal Patent
Medicines, Appendix 6 reference notes
concerning the use of endangered animals, heavy
metals and chemical contaminants pp.1125-1127.
17
Sources (III)
Tiger http//www.worldwildlife.org/tigers
http//www.traffic.org/factfile/factfile_substitut
es.html http//www.worldwildlife.org/trade/tcm.cf
m (left picture WWF-Canon / Edward Parker)
http//www.savethetigerfund.org/trouble/Conservati
onOrganizations/WWF/wwfcan.htm LExpansion n
602 juillet-aout 1999 LOr Sauvage, la guerre
économique autour de la protection des animaux

Rhinos http//www.worldwildlife.org/trade/tcm.cf
m (left picture Esmond Bradley Martin )
http//www.rhino-irf.org
Musk Deer Homes, V. (1999). On the Scent
Conserving Musk Deer The Uses of Musk and
Europes Role in its Trade. TRAFFIC
Europe. http//www.wwf-uk.org/News/n_0000001264.as
p (right picture) http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/
tech/387033.stm (left picture).
Asiatic Black Bear Courrier International n787
En Asie du Sud-Est les ours se font de la bile
, Janet Raloff from Science News IFAW en
Action, Sauver les ours à collier dune vie de
torture , 2001. www.terrywhittaker.com/galleries/
03bearfarming/03bearfarming.htm (pictures)
18
Sources (IV)
Snow Leopard http//www.worldwildlife.org/snowle
opards/ecology.cfm http//www.animalport.com/exti
nct-animals/Snow-Leopard.html (right picture)
www.snowleopard.org/images/slrolledintarp (left
picture).
Saïga Antilope http//www.heritage.com.sg/prod41
.htm (left picture) http//cienciahoje.uol.com.br
chdia/galeri31.htm (right picture)
http//www.zoologie.vd.ch/1_Actualite/Le_Matin_DCh
/AcDCh27_04_03.html http//www.wwf.fr/pdf/CPCITES
0510.pdf http//www.natureetdecouvertes.com/pages
/popup/dossier_TS/DTS_11/DTS_11.htm.
Sea Horses http//seahorse.fisheries.ubc.ca/trad
e.html http//seahorse.fisheries.ubc.ca/pdfs/parr
yjones_and_vincent1998_newscientist.html
http//biology.kenyon.edu/stures/Compsnelson/seade
pletion.htm http//www.samford.edu/schools/artsci
/biology/vertzoo-03s/pages/148.htm (right
picture) http//www.worldwildlife.org/trade/seaho
rses.cfm (left picture WWF-Canon / Jürgen
Freund)
Plants http//www.worldwildlife.org/trade/tcm.cf
m http//www.taoherbfarm.com/herbs/herbs/ulcers.h
tm (right picture) http//www.heritage.com.sg/pr
od40.htm (left picture)
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com