Designers Lights and Sound

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DesignersLights and Sound
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Lighting Design
Chorus Line
Chicago
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Greek Theatre
Light Source The Sun
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Chestnut Street TheatrePhiladelphia
1818- First theatre lit with gas light
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Gas Table
First lighting control system
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Iroquois Theatre Fire Chicago, IL (1903)
Nations worst theatre fire. 602 die
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After the Fire
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Thomas Edison
1879- Creates the first practical light bulb
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Savoy TheatreLondon
1881- First theatre lit with electric lights
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Metropolitan Opera House1913
An early lighting system
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Early lighting equipmentKliegl, 1913
Dimmers
1000w spot lights
Flood light
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The Functions of Light

• To see
• To focus the audiences attention
• The reveal the actors form
• To give information
• To establish a mood

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The Properties of Light

• Intensity amount of electricity reaching the
  lamp
• Color The color of the gel
• Direction Where the light is placed
• Distribution Where the light is pointed
• Movement A change in any of the 4 above
  properties, a cue (Q)

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Colored light
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Color Media - Gel
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Direction of Light
Where the light is hung
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Jean Rosenthal(1912-1969)

• The Magic of Light
• A Photo Essay on Light

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Front Light
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Side Light from SL and SR
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Pools of Down Light
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Back Light
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Up Light from SL
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Hi Side Light SR Up Light SL
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Spotlights light the actor
Area light
Follow Spot
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Flood Lights light the scenery
Strip light
Scoop or Cyc light
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Lighting Control on Broadway
Piano Boards Pre1975
Strand Light Palette 1990
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An Old Light Board
Fox Theatre, Atlanta
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View from the light booth in the back of the
theatre
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Responsibilities of Lighting Designer

• Develop the cue list
• Determine the type of instrument, color and focus
  for each light in the design
• Draft the Light Plot and Hook Up chart
• Supervise the hang
• Focus the lights
• Create compositions, looks
• Supervise the tech and dress rehearsals

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Cue List
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Light Plot
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Light Plot Detail
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Type of spotlights
6 Source4
8 Fresnel
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Hook Up Chart
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Cue Sheet
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Sound Design on Broadway

• First designer to receive credit Jack Mann
• Show Show Girl
• Year 1961

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Sound Reinforcement

• The amplification of the performers voice
• Used primarily in large musicals
• Why? To help the singers project over the
  orchestra
• Type of mikes used (1) Foot mikes and (2)
  wireless body mikes
• Speaker placement Center cluster hung above the
  orchestra pit

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Speaker Location
Palace Theatre, Cleveland, OH
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Sound Reproduction

• Reproduction of recorded music and sound effects
• Source CD, MiniDisc or Computer
• Speaker placement Back stage

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Sound in a Play

• Music
• Pre Show, Scene change, Intermission,
  Underscoreing
• Tends to reflect the period and mood of the play
• Sound effects Thunder, Wind, Rain, Off stage
  gunshots, A passing train

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17th Century Sound
Wind Machine
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Sound in the 19th Century
Thunder run
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20th Century Sound
Thunder Sheet
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Sound Designers Responsibilities

• Develop a Cue list
• Locate the required music and sound effects
• Specify type of equipment
• Determine mike and speaker placement
• Record the master tape or CD
• Supervise mounting of equipment and rehearsals

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Placement of Sound Board

• Back of the house. Often behind the last row of
  seats
• Why? So the board operator hears the same show as
  the audience