Internet Timeline

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Internet Timeline
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The 1950s
1957 U.S.S.R. launches Sputnik, first
artificial earth satellite. 1958 In
response, U.S. forms the Advanced Research
Projects Agency (ARPA) within the Department
of Defense (DoD) to establish U.S. lead in
science and technology applicable to the
military. J.C.R. Licklider is the first director
of ARPAs Information Processing Techniques
Office (IPTO).
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The 1960s
1960 - Licklider publishes his landmark paper,
Man-Computer Symbiosis. John F. Kennedy
elected president.
1961 Leonard Kleinrock, MIT Information Flow
in Large Communication Nets - first paper on
packet-switching theory. First Xerox
photographic copy machine - model 914.
Michael Barnett builds the first computer-
driven typesetter at MIT.
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The 1960s
1962 Licklider And W. Clark, MIT On-Line Man
Computer Communication Paul Baran, RAND On
Distributed Communications Networks
John Glenn orbits the earth. Space War, the
first computer game designed by MIT students.
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The 1960s
1963 - Licklider funds Engelbarts new
Augmentation Research Center at Stanford. JFK
assassinated - LBJ assumes the
presidency. 1964 - The Civil Rights Act is
passed.
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The 1960s
1965 - Paul Baran gets funding from U.S. Air
Force to experiment with a block switching
network to protect communications during a
nuclear war. He, however, withdrew his proposal
when the project was shifted to military
managers. ARPANET - ARPA sponsors a
study entitled A Cooperative Network of Time
Sharing Computers. 1966 - Larry Roberts,
MIT Towards a Cooperative Network of
Time-Shared Computers, the first ARPANET
plan. First business facimile - Xerox
Telecopier I
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The 1960s
1967 - Larry Roberts, at ARPA, begins to develop
the RAND concepts. ACM Symposium on Operating
Principles, packet-switching plans
presented. National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in
Middlesex, England develops NPL Data Network
under D.W. Davies. ARPAs contractors meet to
discuss protocol for exchanging messages
between computers. Concept for the ARPANET
packet switch, the IMP, is developed.
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The 1960s
1968 - ARPA releases a Request for Quotation
(RFQ) to build a network of 4 IMPs with a
possible growth to 19. Turn on, tune in, drop
out - Timothy Leary. The Public Broadcasting
Act establishes National Public Radio. Light
My Fire - The Doors RFK and MLK Jr. are
assassinated. Richard Nixon is elected president.
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The 1960s
1969 - Department of Defense contracts a team of
business, academic, and government
researchers to collaborate on the ARPANET. Four
sites are chosen as the homes of the first
ARPANET IMPs UCLA, SRI, UCSB, and The
University of Utah. Network Working Group (NWG)
formed to develop communication protocols
host Steve Croker is the chairman. The Apollo
II moon landing.
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The 1970s
1970 - ALOHAnet developed by Norm
Abramson. ARPANET hosts start using Network
Control Protocol (NCP) a direct precursor to
TCP. U.S. college campuses erupt after Cambodian
bombing. 1971 - Terminal IMP deployed by
BBN. Computers are now connected to 23 sites
including Harvard and MIT. Protocols for remote
terminal access (Telnet) and file transfer
(FTP) are defined by NWG.
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The 1970s
1972 - All in the Family begins a 12 year
run. Public demonstration of ARPANET at
International Conference on Computer
Communication in Washington D.C. Inter-Networking
Group (INWG) formed with Vinton Cerf as
chairman. First e-mail message sent via the
ARPANET, by Ray Tomlinson of BBN. Nixon
re-elected in a landslide victory. The Godfather
film is released. Watergate break-in.
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The 1970s
1973 - ARPANETs first International connections
between England and Norway. Nixon visits
China. Oil and gas prices skyrocket. Tie a
Yellow Ribbon, Tony Orlando Dawn
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The 1970s
1974 - Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is
defined to allow computer communication across
a system of networks. President Nixon resigns
over the Watergate scandal. 1975 - ARPANET
grows beyond 63 IMPs requiring major changes
for network addresses. The fall of Saigon ends
the war in Vietnam. One Flew Over the Cuckoos
Nest - film released.
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The 1970s
1976 - First Internet routers developed by
BBN. ATT Bell Labs develops UUCP (Unix to
Unix Copy Protocol). First computerized word
processor introduced by Wang Laboratories with
a price of 30,000. Matsushita introduces the
VCR. Jimmy Carter elected President. 1977 -
Star Wars - film released.
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The 1970s
1978 - The CD is unveiled by Philips in a joint
effort with Sony. 1979 - USENET
established. Margaret Thatcher elected Prime
Minister. Apocalypse Now - film released.
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The 1980s
1980 - ARPANET now spans the country, connecting
over 400 host computers at university,
government, and military sites. More than
10,000 people have access. The Sony Walkman is
introduced in Japan. 1981 - MTV premiers on cable
network. Prince Charles marries Lady Diana
Spencer. 1982 - Based on ARPANET technology, DoD
decides to build Defense Data Network. E.T.,
The Extra Terrestrial - film released.
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The 1980s
1983 - ARPANET splits into ARPANET and
MILNET. TCP/IP is established the Internet is
now in place. Desktop workstations become
available and local networking explodes. MCI
Mail launched. The U.S. invades Grenada. 1984 -
Domain name server (DNS) established. Number of
ARPANET hosts passes 1,000.
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The 1980s
1985 - Mikhail Gorachev introduces glasnost and
perestroika to the Soviets. First personal
laser printer - The Apple Laser Writer (price
7,000). 1986 - The National Science Foundation
the NSFNET. 1987 - Now over 4,000 bulletin
boards linked by hobbyist networks. The Just
Say No campaign is launched.
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The 1980s
1988 - The dismantling of ARPANET
begins. Internal unrest in the U.S.S.R. George
H.W. Bush elected president. 1989 - The ARPANET
ceases to exist. Number of hosts on Internet
passes 100,000. The Internet is used as a tool
of student revolt in China.
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The 1990s
1990 - The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF)
is founded. The Savings and Loan
scandal. 1991 - Desert Storm - the first Gulf
War. The year of the CD-ROM 1992 - More than
1,000,000 hosts on the Internet. The World Wide
Web launched and Tim Berners-Lee is credited
with its creation. Bill Clinton elected
president.
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The 1990s
1993 - More than 1,500,000 hosts on
Internet. First Pentium processor released,
60mg. 1994 - Commercial users outnumber research
and academic users 2 to 1. More than 3,000,000
hosts on Internet. 1995 - Dial-up access begins
(Prodigy, AOL, etc.). 20 - 30 million Internet
users. Grateful Deads Jerry Garcia
dies. Commercial Sites Index has 15,379 business
listings.
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The 1990s
1997 - Business Week reports 40 million people
are surfing the Net. 1998 - The Justice
Department sues Microsoft. AOL buys
Netscape. Hotbot 1 search engine. Hackers
attack New York Times web site to demand the
release of computer criminal, Kevin Metnick.
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1999 Beyond
1999 - DSL and cable modem connections
established, providing 1.5 million baud. The
Melissa virus attacks. 2001 - Melissa virus
author, David L. Smith, is sentenced to 20
months in Federal Prison. 2003 - SoBig virus
captures e-mail addresses for Spam applications.