GIS in Water Resources: Lecture 1

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GIS in Water Resources Lecture 1

• In-class and distance learning
• Geospatial database of hydrologic features
• Arc Hydro data model
• Curved earth and a flat map

2
Flooding from Hurricane Katrina
Flooding in New Orleans
http//www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9130254/

• Water mapping
• where is the water
• what is in the water?
• Water movement
• where is it going?

http//msnbc.msn.com/id/9150429/
Issues for this course
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GIS in Water Resources Lecture 1

• In-class and distance learning
• Geospatial database of hydrologic features
• Arc Hydro data model
• Curved earth and a flat map

4
Six Basic Course Elements

• Lectures
• Powerpoint slides
• Video streaming
• Readings
• Arc Hydro GIS in Water Resources
• Homework
• Computer exercises
• Hand exercises

• Term Project
• Oral presentation
• HTML report
• Class Interaction
• Email
• Discussion
• Examinations
• Midterm, final

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Learning Styles

• Instructor-Centered Presentation

• Community-Centered Presentation

Instructor
Student
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University Without Walls
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Distance Learning
Dr David Tarboton students at Utah State
University
Other People
Other People
Dr David Maidment students at UT Austin
Dr Tarboton will present lectures on on spatial
and terrain analysis with grids
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GIS in Water Resources Lecture 1

• In-class and distance learning
• Geospatial database of hydrologic features
• Arc Hydro data model
• Curved earth and a flat map

9
Geographic Data Model

• Conceptual Model a set of concepts that
  describe a subject and allow reasoning about it
• Mathematical Model a conceptual model expressed
  in symbols and equations
• Data Model a conceptual model expressed in a
  data structure (e.g. ascii files, Excel tables,
  ..)
• Geographic Data Model a conceptual model for
  describing and reasoning about the world
  expressed in a GIS database

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Data Model based on Inventory of data layers
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Spatial Data Vector format
Vector data are defined spatially
(x1,y1)
Point - a pair of x and y coordinates
vertex
Line - a sequence of points
Node
Polygon - a closed set of lines
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Themes or Data Layers
Vector data point, line or polygon features
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Kissimmee watershed, Florida
Themes
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Attributes of a Selected Feature
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Raster and Vector Data
Raster data are described by a cell grid, one
value per cell
Vector
Raster
Point
Line
Zone of cells
Polygon
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Santa Barbara, California
http//srtm.usgs.gov/srtmimagegallery/index.html
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How do we combine these data?
Digital Elevation Models
Streams
Watersheds
Waterbodies
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An integrated raster-vector database
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Flooding from Hurricane Katrina
Flooding in New Orleans
http//www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9130254/

• Water mapping
• where is the water
• what is in the water?
• Water movement
• where is it going?

http//msnbc.msn.com/id/9150429/
20
GIS in Water Resources Lecture 1

• In-class and distance learning
• Geospatial database of hydrologic features
• Arc Hydro data model
• Curved earth and a flat map

21
GIS in Water Resources Consortium
Water Resources

• Bringing together these two communities by using
  a common geospatial data model

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Data Model Based on Behavior
Follow a drop of water from where it falls on
the land, to the stream, and all the way to the
ocean. R.M. Hirsch, USGS
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Integrating Data Inventory using a Behavioral
Model
Relationships between objects linked by tracing
path of water movement
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Arc Hydro GIS for Water Resources
Published by ESRI Press
The Arc Hydro data model and application tools
are in the public domain
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Arc Hydro Hydrography
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Arc Hydro Hydrology
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Arc Hydro Components
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Hydrologic Information System
Analysis, Modeling, Decision Making
Arc Hydro Geodatabase
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Nexrad Radar Rainfall Map
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Nexrad Map to Flood Map in Model Builder
Flood map as output
Model for flood flow
HMS
Model for flood depth
Nexrad map as input
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GIS in Water Resources Lecture 1

• In-class and distance learning
• Geospatial database of hydrologic features
• Arc Hydro data model
• Curved earth and a flat map

32
Origin of Geographic Coordinates
Equator
(0,0)
Prime Meridian
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Latitude and Longitude
Longitude line (Meridian)
N
W
E
S
Range 180ºW - 0º - 180ºE
Latitude line (Parallel)
N
W
E
S
(0ºN, 0ºE) Equator, Prime Meridian
Range 90ºS - 0º - 90ºN
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Latitude and Longitude in North America
Austin (30N, 98W) Logan (42N, 112W)
60 N
30 N
60 W
120 W
90 W
0 N
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Map Projection
Flat Map Cartesian coordinates x,y (Easting
Northing)
Curved Earth Geographic coordinates f,
l (Latitude Longitude)
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Earth to Globe to Map
Map Projection
Map Scale
Scale Factor
Map distanceGlobe distance

(e.g. 0.9996)
(e.g. 124,000)
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Coordinate Systems
A planar coordinate system is defined by a
pair of orthogonal (x,y) axes drawn through an
origin
Y
X
Origin
(xo,yo)
(fo,lo)