U'S' Wide Area Augmentation System WAAS Update

1
U.S.Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)Update

• Mitch Narins
• Air Traffic Organization
• Navigation Services
• May 2006

2
Evolution of IFR Navigation in the National
Airspace

• Gone

• Gone

VOR, DME, Tacan
WAAS
Four-course range
Loran C
NDB
GPS

• Research

• Almost Gone

LAAS
Microwave Landing System
Instrument Landing System
1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
3
FY 2004 Operations Maintenance Budget
Allocation for Navigation Systems

• Precision Approach Systems Account for
  Approximately 42 of the Navigation Services
  Systems and almost 50 of the Annual OM Budget
  Allocation for Navigation Services.
• ALS Approach Lighting System
• GS Glide Slope
• IM Inner Marker
• LOC - Localizer
• LOM Locator Outer Marker
• MALS Medium Intensity ALS
• MALSR MALS w/Runway Alignment
• MM Middle Marker
• OM Outer Marker
• RVR Runway Visual Range
• SSALR Simplified Short ALS
• SSALS Simplified Short ALS

4
Intl Cooperation.. A Necessity

• Approx. 77 million sq. km of total airspace
• Largest area of all ANSPs (Australia 2nd at 47
  million sq. km)
• 15.15 of earths surface

5
Moving To a Performance Based NAS

• FAAs Goal Is To Design An Integrated,
  Performance Based National Airspace System That
  Can Meet The Needs Of Tomorrow And Satisfy ICAOs
  Vision Of A Safe, Secure, And Seamless
  International Air Transportation System

Presentation to Regional Airline Association
Flight Technology
Committee Name Phil LemanDate June 2, 2005
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What Is Performance-Based Navigation?

• An End-to-End Air Transportation System Based On
  Performance Standards Rather Than Specific
  Technologies Or Equipment
• Area Navigation (RNAV)
• Required Navigation Performance (RNP)
• Recognizes The Ability Of Modern Aircraft To
  Operate Safely And Efficiently Using A Variety Of
  On-Board Systems and External Signals

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GPS Background

• Designed as a dual-use system
• Military applications for US and Allied use
• Civilian applications for worldwide use
• Open signal specification available to industry
  and all users, both US and International
• GPS not originally designed to do many of the
  civil applications being done today
• Modernization program in progress
• Consistent U.S. National Policy from both
  Executive and Legislative branches
• U.S. Public Law - December 1997
• U.S. Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and
  Timing Policy March 1996 updated December 2004

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GPS User Range Error (URE) History
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GPS Modernization Path
Block IIA/IIR
Block III
Block IIR-M, IIF

• Basic GPS
• Std Service (16-24m SEP)
• Single frequency (L1)
• Coarse acquisition (C/A) code navigation
• Precise Service (16m SEP)
• Y-Code (L1Y L2Y)
• Y-Code navigation

• Block IIIA
• Increased anti-jam power
• Increased security
• Increased accuracy
• Navigation surety
• Backward compatibility
• Assured availability
• Controlled integrity
• 4th civil signal (L1C)

• IIR-M IIA/IIR capabilities plus
• 2nd civil signal (L2C)
• M-Code (L1M L2M)
• IIF IIR-M capability plus
• 3rd civil signal (L5)

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GPS Modernized Signals

• L1 C/A Available on all satellites
• Backwards compatible for existing civil and
  military applications
• L2C - First available with IIR-M launch 21 Sep 05
• Configuration of signal determined via
  interagency process
• Use for non-safety of flight applications, not in
  ARNS band
• L5 - First available with first GPS IIF launch
  (2007)
• Improved signal structure enhances performance
• WRC-2000 added signal component to protected
  aeronautical band
• Interoperable with Galileo L1
• L1C - First available with first GPS III launch
  (2013)
• Data-less signal component improves tracking
  performance
• Interoperable with Galileo L1

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New U.S. Policy

• U.S. Space-based Positioning, Navigation, and
  Timing (PNT) Policy
• Released by the President - December 15, 2004
• Replaced the 1996 U.S. GPS Policy
• Provide updated, comprehensive, and responsive
  guidance
• Improved management processes for all space-based
  PNT issues

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WAAS

• Operational System Commissioned July 2003
• Enhances Navigation In All Phases Of Flight
• Enroute, Arrival, and Departure
• Provides 100 Availability Of GNSS For Even The
  Most Critical RNP or RNAV Operations
• Provides Coverage At All Altitudes From 100,000
  Feet To The Surface
• Provides Navigation Services To Users That Are
  Not Currently Served
• Approach
• Enhances Safety By Providing Vertical Guidance To
  Every Runway End In The Coverage Area
• No Ground Hardware Required At Airport to Acquire
  Signal
• Allows IFR Operations To All Qualified Airports

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WAAS Operations

• FAA Technical Center continuously monitors the
  WAAS system Performance
• 99 coverage over CONUS
• There have been no HMIs since system inception
• WAAS has experienced a number of outages since
  commissioning
• Omits short outages due to GUS switchovers and
  minor ionospheric disturbances
• Equates to 99.87 availability
• Outages are classified into 4 categories
• Total SIS outage (AOR-W, POR, or both)
• Major IONO storm (loss of service over all or
  most of CONUS)
• Minor IONO storm (loss of service over a portion
  of CONUS
• GUS switchovers
• Many have occurred since commissioning. Adverse
  effect when there is not dual GEO coverage
• User can lose LPV WAAS service for up to 5
  minutes
• WAAS has experienced several outages as of late
  during the upgrade process

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WAAS Architecture
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WAAS LPV Availability
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WAAS Schedule

• WAAS Commissioned
• Full LPV Performance
• 13 additional reference stations
• Improved software efficiency
• System improvements will be brought online
  incrementally
• End state performance will result in greater
  availability of approach with vertical guidance
  (LPV - 250 foot minimums)
• 99 CONUS
• 95 in most of Alaska
• Two GEOs in view to all users over all CONUS and
  Alaska
• GLS Development
• L5 frequency (block IIF GPS III)
• Better interference mitigation
• Procedure Development 300/yr

• 2003
• 2003 2008

• 2007

• 2015

• 2004 2028

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Development Activities LPV

• Hardware
• 13 Additional Wide Area Reference Stations To
  Improve Availability And Coverage
• 4 Alaska
• 5 Mexico
• 4 Canada
• Equipment Upgrade Using Commercial Off The Shelf
  Hardware When Feasible
• Communications
• Enhancing The Terrestrial Communications Network
• Software
• More Efficient Integrity Monitor Algorithms
• Enhanced OM Efficiency
• Prime Contractor - Raytheon

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Predicted Availability Gains
WAAS Commissioning - 2003
Full Capability - 2008

• Availability over the majority of CONUS improves
  from 99.5 to 99.9
• Alaskan availability improves from less than 75
  to 99 99.9
• Significant availability gains in northeast and
  southern California, Texas, and Florida

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Regional Cooperation

• USA, Canada, and Mexico Are Working Through The
  North American Aviation Trilateral (NAAT) To
  Cooperate On The Implementation of GNSS In The
  North American Region
• Canada And Mexico Will Host Additional WAAS
  Reference Stations
• 5 Mexico
• Mexico City Installed August 2005
• Merida Installed October 2005
• Puerto Vallarta Installed November 2005
• La Paz Surveyed in December, Installation
  Scheduled for August 2006
• Tapachula Surveyed in December, Installation
  Scheduled for August 2006
• 4 Canada
• Gander Installed June 2005
• Goose Bay Installed September 2005
• Iqaluit Site Survey Completed August 2004,
  Installation Scheduled for August 2006
• Winnipeg Site Survey Completed October 2004,
  Installation Scheduled for August 2006
• Provides WAAS Coverage In Canada And Mexico,
  Improves Availability For U.S.
• Expect Operational In 2006 And 2007 Respectively

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GEO Satellite Improvements

• Commissioned system utilizes two Inmarsat
  satellites
• Main problem is single coverage over the majority
  of the United States
• Contract Awarded to Lockheed Martin to provide
• Leased payloads on up to 3 satellites
• Ground infrastructure to support signal in space
• Currently acquiring two satellite links
• Provides dual coverage over entire United States
• PanAmSat Launched October 13th
• Telesat Launched September 9th
• Preliminary acceptance testing for both
  satellites expected to be complete Spring 2006
• Expect operational by first quarter FY 07

Original AOR/W Position 54W
New AOR/W Position 142W
POR 178E
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WAAS GLS Development

• Will Commence In 2008
• In USA, GLS Capability Will Require Modernized
  GPS Constellation
• Addition Of Second Frequency, L5
• Availability Of L5 For Operational Use By
  Aviation Expected By 2013
• FAA Ground Upgrade Complete In 2013
• Hardware
• Upgrade of Reference Station Receivers To Receive
  L5
• Software
• Broadcast Of WAAS Message On L5
• Will Eliminate Loss Of Vertical Guidance Caused
  By Ionospheric Storms
• Full GLS Capability Throughout Coverage Area
• System Will Be Capable Of Augmenting Other
  Satellite Navigation System Constellations

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Summary

• GPS
• System is robust and operating above
  specifications
• Modernized system will meet all aviation needs
• WAAS
• Commissioned For IFR Use On July 10, 2003,
  Incrementally Improving to Add Capability
• Benefits All Classes Of Aviation Users, Enhancing
  Navigation In All Phases Of Flight
• Supports RNP And Performance Based NAS
• Aviation Receivers Available Today, More Coming
  To Market Over Next Three Years
• FAA POC
• Leo Eldredge, GNSS Program Manager
• ATO-W, Navigation Services
• 800 Independence Avenue, S.W.
• Washington, D.C. 20591
• leo.eldredge_at_faa.gov