Oklahoma State University Writing Center

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Oklahoma State University Writing Center
Write On!
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The Chicago Style

• Documentation, Citations, Footnotes and Endnotes

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In-Text Citation When?

• quoting
• paraphrasing
• stating statistics, facts, or ideas obtained from
  that source

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When you Need to Cite

• When you use information gained through
  interviewing another person
• When you copy the exact words or a "unique
  phrase" from somewhere
• When you reprint any diagrams, illustrations,
  charts, and pictures
• When you use ideas that others have given you in
  conversations or over email
• When you are using or referring to somebody
  elses words or ideas from a magazine, book,
  newspaper, song, TV program, movie, Web page,
  computer program, letter, advertisement, or any
  other medium

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When you Dont Need to Cite

• When you are writing your own experiences, your
  own observations, your own insights, your own
  thoughts, your own conclusions about a subject
• When you are using "common knowledge" folklore,
  common sense observations, shared information
  within your field of study or cultural group
• When you are compiling generally accepted facts
• When you are writing up your own experimental
  results

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In-Text Citation When?

• If you state that Mark Twains novel Tom Sawyer
  deals with issues of race, you will not need a
  citation because you drew that conclusion from
  the book as a whole.
• Similarly, if you say that in her study, Deborah
  Tannen examines the ways men and women
  communicate differently, you will not need a
  citation because it is the sense or topic of the
  entire article.
• However, in both these situations you should
  include the article in your reference page.

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In-Text Citation Where?

• At the end of your sentence, insert a number.
  This number refers to the citation at bottom of
  page, or in endnotes after your essay.

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Adding Citations in MS Word

• Click on the Insert menu
• Choose Reference
• Click on Footnote
• From there, you may choose either footnotes or
  endnotes.

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In-Text Citation Format
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Punctuating Citations

• Insert your citation after the period.4
• Place the citation outside of your quotation
  marks.4
• Pocket Style Manual p. 189

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Reference Pages What?

• Use a Reference page when ONLY when using
  endnotes
• Everything cited in the text
• Sources consulted but not necessarily directly
  cited in-text
• NOTE Even if you cannot get complete
  bibliographic information, list what you have.

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Basic Reference Page Entries
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PRACTICE
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Basic Reference Page Entries
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PRACTICE
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Internet Sources

• To cite properly, you need to know
• Address (http//) and/or database name
• Date you found it
• Title of webpage
• Try to know
• Author(s) of webpage
• Last updated on date

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Citing Internet Sources on Reference Pages
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PRACTICE
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Common problems

• What order do I list things in?
• Alphabetical
• (However, other Styles may require other systems
  and you should consult your manual for more
  detailed information).
• What if I dont know author/title/other?
• Try to find it via catalogs/databases
• If unavailable, just leave that section out
• What if I have too much information?
• Consult your style manual re editors, editions,
  translations, etc.

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More Tricky Problems

• How do I know if I have a Journal, Magazine,
  Newsletter, or Newspaper?
• How do I know if the web page has a corporate
  author or just a title?
• When do use Anonymous?
• When do I use et al?
• How do I know which style to use?

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Remember, you can always visit us at the Writing
Center!
104 Morrill Hall Phone [phone] Email
writingcenter_at_okstate.edu Online appointments
www.rich15.com/osu/schedule/