INTRODUCTION TO CRITICAL THINKING

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INTRODUCTION TO CRITICAL THINKING
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CRITICAL THINKING

• Definitions
• History of Critical Thinking (CT)
• Universal Standards
• Fallacies

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DEFINITIONS

• Critical ListeningListening to maximize the
  accurate understanding of what others say.

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DEFINITIONS

• Critical ReadingAn active, intellectually
  engaged process of reading, interpreting and
  understanding text.

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DEFINITIONS

• Critical WritingArranging our ideas in a
  logical order to express ourselves in a
  disciplined manner.

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DEFINITIONS

• Critical ThinkingThe art of thinking about
  your thinking while you are thinking in order to
  make your thinking better.

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HISTORY

• The Beginning Socrates
• Early Years Plato, Aristotle and other Greek
  philosophers
• Middle Ages Francis Bacon
• Today Albert Einstein, Mark Twain, Harry Houdini
  and Carl Sagan

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UNIVERSAL STANDARDS

Does this really make sense?
How does itaffect the issue?
How can wecheck that out?
Give mean example.
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FALLACIES

• What is it?
• An argument that appears sound, at first glance,
  but contains a flaw in reasoning which makes it
  unsound.

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FALLACIES

• Burden of Proof (a.k.a. Appeal to Ignorance)

• Two Wrongs Make a Right

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FALLACIES

• Hasty Generalization

• Post Hoc Reasoning

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FALLACIES

• Band Wagon (a.k.a. peer pressure)

• Guilt by Association

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CRITICAL THINKING

• Definitions
• History of Critical Thinking (CT)
• Universal Standards
• Fallacies