C02, Fuel Economy and Energy Independence are public an

1
Future PowertrainsGlobal Opportunities
Challenges

• Sue Cischke
• Vice President of Environmental Safety
  Engineering

January 14, 2004
2
Overview

• Powertrain Drivers
• Powertrain Technology Solutions
• Fords Powertrain Technology Development

3
Powertrain Drivers

• Climate Change
• Fuel Economy
• Emissions
• Customer Satisfaction

4
C02, Fuel Economy and Energy Independence are
public and political issues worldwide. However,
regional differences exist and drive different
technology solutions.

• Europe
• Currently a split Gas/Diesel market
• High fuel tax and climate focus continue to drive
  EU further toward diesel

• North America
• Currently a Gas market
• Energy security and fuel efficiency goals drive
  diesels and HEVs

• Japan
• Currently a Gas market but with growing HEV
  penetration
• High fuel tax, emissions (smog) and climate focus
  drive HEV development in Japan today
• Energy dependencies may drive to H2 solutions
  sooner then rest of world

5
Diesels offer 25 CO2 benefit versus gasoline
engines
6
Emissions regulations continue to drive
technology advancement. Differences in standards
worldwide result in different solutions.
Gasoline Challenges Emissions Regulations
EU III
Tier 1
HC, g/mi
EU IV
LEV/ Bin 5
SULEV
ULEV
NOx, g/mi
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NOx and Particulate emissions are driving future
diesel technologies. New technologies will add
significant cost and result in attribute
trade-off risks.
Diesel Challenges Emissions Standards
0.20
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.10
PM, g/mi
0.08
Bin 10
Euro 3 PC
0.06
0.04
Euro 4 PC
0.02
Japan (2006MY)
0.00
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
NOx, g/mi
LEV/Bin 5
8
Customers increasingly demand a variety of
attributes from their Powertrains

• Performance feel
• Quietness
• Quality and reliability
• Fuel economy and range
• Towing performance
• Affordability

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Technology Solutions
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With conventionally derived fuels, air quality
differentiates powertrain options more than CO2.
New infrastructures are required to reach zero
CO2
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Traditional powertrains will be increasingly
supplemented by one or more advanced
alternatives. No single global technology
solution has yet emerged.
Today
Fuel Cell
Hydrogen I.C.E.
Hybrid Powertrain
Specific Benefit
Diesel
Advanced Gasoline
Near Term
Mid Term
Long Term
Deployment Timeframe
Consequently, Ford, and other manufacturers,
continue to develop all of these Powertrain
Technologies
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• Ford Motor Companys Powertrain Technology
  Development

• Advanced Gasoline Engines
• Advanced Diesel Engines
• Hybrid Electric Vehicles
• Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines
• Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles

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The Ford Escape Hybrid offers

• Acceleration performance similar to a V-6
• Significant improvement in FE vs. V-6
• Cleaner vehicle, meeting SULEV tailpipe emissions
  standard
• All the advantages of hybrid technologywhile
  maintaining all of the benefits of the base
  Escape, including interior roominess and
  versatility
• Confidence of authentic Ford SUV
• A superior value that is the rightchoice for the
  environment

No Boundaries Room, Range, Performance and
Green The Smart Choice!
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Hydrogen The Long-Term Fuel Solution? Hydrogen
comes with new decisions and challenges.
Production
Storage On-Board
Infrastructure
Powertrain Fuel Cell vs. ICE
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Infrastructure Must Be A Cooperative Effort
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Ford is Preparing for a H2 Economy
H2 ICE Hybrid (H2RV)
H2 ICE Engine

• Fuel Cell Demo Fleet
• H2 Research Vehicle (H2RV)
• Next Gen Fuel Cell Vehicle
• H2ICE Demo Fleet

Fuel Cell Vehicle
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Ford Fuel Cell Vehicles
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What Is Ford Motor Company Doing to Address the
Challenges of Fuel Cells?

• Core Fuel Cell Technology Development
• Alliance with Daimler-Chrysler and Ballard
• Integration of Core Technology into Vehicle
  Programs
• Vehicle Programs
• Demonstrations
• Low Volume Production Programs
• Partnerships with Government Agencies

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RD Targets for Fuel Cell Technology

• Improvement of Fuel Cell
• Cost Reduction
• Power Density Increase
• Mass Production
• Durability
• Meet System Demands
• Cold Start Operation at High and Low Temps
• Durability
• Insensitivity to Air Impurities
• Vehicle Range ? Hydrogen Storage

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Summary

• Selecting a single winning Powertrain
  Technology solution for all markets and time
  frames is not possible.

• As technologies become more complex,
  manufacturers are challenged with affordably
  developing all options

• Our industry should continue to work with
  governments and energy suppliers worldwide to
  develop the infrastructures for making and
  delivering renewable H2, or other fuels

• Ford continues to advance Powertrain Technology
  on all fronts