Extended Named Entity Ontology with Attribute Information

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Extended Named Entity Ontologywith Attribute
Information
LREC 2008 May 28, 2008

• Satoshi Sekine
• New York University

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Named Entity

• Named Entity is the most important information
  unit in many Information Access applications
• (such as IE, QA, Summarization, IR, MT)
• History
• MUC6 First define Named Entity
• Person, Location, Organization, Date, Time,
  Money, Percent
• IREX
• MUC6 Artifact
• ACE (20 kinds),TIMEX (Standerdized Time
  Expression)
• Problem Is it enough with 720 categories?
• What is the meaning of names?

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Extended Named Entities

• Extended to 200 categories (LREC 02,04)
• Finer categories
• Location ? GPE(Country, Province, City)
• ? Geographical region (landform, water form
  )
• ? Region(Domestic region, Continental region
  )
• ? Astral body(Star, Planet )
• New categories
• Line(Railroad, Road, Waterway, Tunnel Bridge )
• Product (Vehicle, Food, Cloth, Weapon, Award )
• Event (Games, Conference, Natural Phenomena, War
  )
• Disease, Currency, God
• Era, Age, Color, Unit

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(No Transcript)
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Development of ENE

• Long time, steady development for years
• Capital words in English newspaper (2000)
• QA, IE examples
• Refer Encyclopedia, WordNet,,,
• Refer Related work, Related systems
• 100-gt140-gt200-gt210
• Used in IE and QA system and refine the
  definition
• http//nlp.cs.nyu.edu/ene

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What is Named Entity?

• Name is only a label
• Properties and Attributes are the essential
  meaning
• Hudson River is still Hudson River even if
  people call it Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk
• Meaning of the entity can discerned from
• the river is in New York State
• It is 507 km in length
• It runs Adirondack Mountains to Upper New York
  Bay
• Name is only a label which can be used to refer
  to the river

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Attributes

• River has attributes such as source location,
  outflow, length and so on
• People has attributes such as occupation,
  birth date, nationality and so on
• Design those attributes and construct the
  knowledge will be very useful on the applications
  of NLP technologies
• QA, IE, IR, Dialogue, co-reference

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Design of the attributes

• We use encyclopedia
• Encyclopedia is the knowledge archive of named
  entities (dictionary for common words)
• Description must contain many attributes
• We will extract attributes from description of
  named entities (samples) and compile general
  attributes for each category

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Procedure

• Extract (up to 50) sample name entity instances
  for each categories. We use a famous Japanese
  Encyclopedia, Nippon Daihyakka (Nipponica)
  published by Shogakkan Inc.
• Annotators extract possible attribute values from
  description of the samples, and name the
  attribute label
• (Attribute values must be a noun phrase or
  equivalent)
• Unify the attribute labels and identify the
  important (essential and mandatory) attributes
  for each category
• Redesign the ENE categories
• Construct a set of attributes

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Attributes for Person
(20) Example of value Freq. ENE
Vocation Professional baseball player 46(100) Vocation
Nationality American, Chinese, Japanese 29(63) Country
Career Professor at Yale University 26(57) Vocation
Masterpiece Guernica, Mona Lisa 25(54) Product, Facility
Graduate M.A. in German at Cambridge 20(44) School
Hometown Paris, Manchester, Shanghai 19(41) City
Native Providence State of Illinois, Sichuan 18(39) Province
Previous stay England, New york 12(26) Location
Mentor Andrea del Verrocchio 10(22) Person
Death date 04/23/1704, unknown 10(22) Date
Era The 11th Century 8(17) Era
Award Academy Award, MVP, Nobel Prize 8(17) Award
Real name Saint Nicholas 8(17) Person
Another name Santa, father Christmas 8(17) Person
Title Knight, an honorary degree at Yale 6(13) Title
Competition World Series, 1955 piano competition in Paris 6(13) Game
Place of death New York, Brirmingham 5(11) Location
Father John B. Kelly, Sr. 5(11) Person
Cause of death Car accident, Guillotine 5(11)
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Attributes for International Organization
17 Example of value Freq. ENE
Another name CARICOM, EMU, CCDN 30(75) Inter. Org.
Year founded 1/10/1920, 2004 26(65 Date
Purpose of foundation Encouragement of the African economy 23(58)
Number of signatories 170 countries, 190 20(50) N_Country
Type League of Nations, International Labor Organization 16(40)
Headquarters New York, Prague 13(33) City
Agreement, Proposal Covenant of the League of Nations 12(30) Rule
Top Organization EU (the European Union) 11(28) Inter. Org.
Member China, Senegal, Norway 10(25) Country
Predecessor African Union (OAU), Caribbean Free Trade Association 9(23) Inter. Org.
Subsidiary Organization International Amateur Athletics Federation 8(20) Organization
Rank Board of directors, Special UN Organization 7(18)
Headquarters (country) Japan, Czech, Ethiopia 7(18) Country
Year of dissolution 1974, 06/20/1977 6(15) Date
Proposer Country USA, England, Luxemburg 5(13) Country
Successor Organization United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific 5(13) Inter. Org.
Proposer (Person) Eisenhower, Colonel Qadhafi , Pierre Wellner 4(10) Person
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Problemswe encountered and/or we havent solved
yet

• Entity dependent attributes
• ex) Song/Poem of river, Loreley on Rhine
  River
• Fineness of attribute
• ex) Birds color of head or color of body
• Span of value expression
• Longer than a noun phrase, ex) definition
• Structure in value
• ex) Museums exhibit has own attributes (author,
  year)
• ENE category definition
• Attributes are useful to define categories, but
  not always
• Distinction of mandatory and optional
• Distinction of Property and attribute

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Inter-annotator Agreement

• 2 annotator work on Person, Landform,
  International Organization and Academy
• They agree more often on attributes which have
  values very often
• They disagree the span of values

Percentage of having values 60 40 10
Agree 13 37 61
Disagree 2 3 16
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Summary

• Design Attributes on Extended Named Entity
• Attributes are important in applications
• Created based on Encyclopedia description
• Document available
• (in Japanese, English in progress)
• Dictionary / Tagger in development
• http//nlp.cs.nyu.edu/ene

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Application

• QA/IR
• What is the 15th highest mountain in the world
• How many mountains are there which is higher than
  6000m
• Tell me the major league player from New York
• I met Satoshi Sekine from New York
• Document understanding
• Yankees came back home!!
• I visited the Marakechs main sightseeing places