Planner Entry

1
Planner Entry
  Monday 10/19/09 1. Ch. 16 Birthplace of
Civilization Test will be Wed. 10/28/09!
    Study Guide Questions will be provided
and posted in this web page on 10/21/09. 2.
Finish any work not completed in
class.   Wednesday 10/21/09 1. Ch. 16 Study Guide
Questions answer questions 1-42, use pg.
466-471 in your bk. Due Friday 10/23/09!!!
  2. Review/study for the Ch. 16 Birthplace of
Civilization Test - Wednesday 10/28/09! 
2
Daily Geography 10/19/09
Write the 1-11 Match the terms on the right
with their definitions on the left.

• A. civilization
• B. city-state
• C. polytheism
• D. theocracy
• cuneiform
• empire
• delta
• pharaoh
• pyramid
• hieroglyphics
• papyrus

E
__ 1. Sumerian writing system __ 2. a culture
that has reached a high level of development __
3. the worship of many gods and goddesses __
4. villages and towns which were made up of the
city and farmland around it __ 5. form of
government in which one individual ruled as both
religious leader and king
A
C
B
D
3
Daily Geography 10/19/09
Match the terms on the right with their
definitions on the left.

• A. civilization
• B. city-state
• C. polytheism
• D. theocracy
• cuneiform
• empire
• delta
• pharaoh
• pyramid
• hieroglyphics
• papyrus

__ 6. Egyptian ruler __ 7. a form of picture
writing __ 8. area formed from a soil deposit
located at the mouth of a river __ 9. Egyptian
paper _ 10. Egyptian tomb __11. group of states
under one ruler
H
J
G
K
I
F
4
Sect. 16-2 Three World Religions
5
Three World Religions

• Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are major faiths
  that are examples of monotheism, or belief in one
  supreme god.

Judaism

• Judaism was first practiced by a small group of
  people in Southwest Asia called the Israelites.

• The followers of Judaism today are known as Jews.

• Their holy book is the Torah.

(pages 473474)
6
Synagogue The Torah
7
Three World Religions
Judaism (cont.)

• The Jews believe that they are Gods chosen
  people and will remain so for as long as they
  follow Gods laws.

• They believe God made a covenant, or agreement,
  with Abraham.
• The most well-known of these laws are the Ten
  Commandments, which were revealed to a prophet,
  or messenger of God, named Moses.

(pages 473474)
8
Three World Religions
Judaism (cont.)

• About 1000 B.C., King David created a kingdom in
  the area of present-day Israel.

• The capital of this kingdom was Jerusalem is
  the holy city for Jews.
• In later centuries, the Jews would be conquered
  and forced to leave their homeland many times.
  Eventually, the Jewish people spread to many
  countries throughout the world.
• The scattering of the Jews was called Diaspora.

(pages 473474)
9
Three World Religions
Judaism (cont.)

• In some areas Jews have been treated with
  tolerance.

• In other areas they have been treated cruelly.
• Jews celebrate several important holy days,
  including Passover, Rosh Hashanah, and Yom Kippur.

(pages 473474)
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Three World Religions
From whom do the Jewish people believe they are
descended?
According to Jewish belief, the Jews are
descended from Abraham and Sarah, who first
worshipped the one God, or Yahweh.
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to
display the answer.
11
Three World Religions
Christianity

• Christianity arose from Judaism in Southwest
  Asia.

• Later, it spread to non-Jews.

• A Jew named Jesus began preaching in what is
  today Israel, the West Bank, and Jordan.

• Some Jews greeted him as the Messiah, or savior,
  who would deliver them from the Romans.

(pages 475476)
12
Three World Religions
Christianity (cont.)

• Jesus was convicted of treason under Roman law
  and crucified outside Jerusalem.

• His disciples, or followers, proclaimed he then
  rose from the dead on Easter Sunday.

• They began preaching that Jesus was the Son of
  God.

• The disciples spread Jesus teachings across the
  Roman world and beyond.

• The holy book of the Christians is the Bible.

(pages 475476)
13
Church Bible
14
Three World Religions
Christianity (cont.)

• Christians were often persecuted until the Roman
  emperor Constantine became a Christian and
  proclaimed Christianity a lawful religion of the
  Roman Empire.

• Christianity later became divided into Roman
  Catholics and Eastern Orthodox Christians.
• A third groupProtestantsformed much later.

• Christian holidays include Christmas, Good
  Friday, and Easter. Christianity has more
  followers than any other religion.

(pages 475476)
15
Three World Religions
What is Easter?
Easter, believed to be the day that Jesus rose
from the dead, is the most important day of the
Christian calendar.
16
Three World Religions
Islam

• The followers of Islam are called Muslims.

• Muslims believe that Muhammad is the last and
  greatest prophet of Allah, or God.
• Muhammad was born A.D. 570 in Makkah or Mecca
  holy city for Muslims.
• He told people there was one God, Allah, before
  whom all believers are equal.

(pages 476477)
17
Three World Religions
Islam (cont.)

• Muhammads message angered the rich merchants of
  Makkah (Mecca).
• In A.D. 622, Muhammad was forced to flee for
  safety from Makkah to Madinah.

• Muhammads forces eventually defeated armies who
  came to Madinah. ?
• Muhammad made Makkah (Mecca) the center of
  Islam.

(pages 476477)
18
Three World Religions
16
Islam (cont.)

• Over time, Muslim armies, merchants, and scholars
  spread the faith in Asia, North Africa, and parts
  of Europe.
• There are two main branches of Islam Sunnis and
  Shiites.

• They differ on which leaders should rule in the
  Islamic community. ?

• The Muslim holy book is the Quran.

(pages 476477)
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Three World Religions
Islam (cont.)- pg. 477

• The Quran describes the five pillars of faith, or
  the five obligations all Muslims must fulfill.

• Confession, or statement of faith There is no
  god but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet.
• Must pray 5 times a day facing the holy city of
  Makkah (east).
• To give charity to people in need or to
  institution involved with education or social
  services.

(pages 476477)
20

• 4. To fast (no eating or drinking during daylight
  hours during the month of Ramadan). This is the
  month, according to Muslims beliefs, in which God
  or Allah, reveal the Quran to Muhammad.
• 5. Pilgrimage - once during their live time,
  Muslims must (if able) journey to Makkah to pray.
  This journey to Makkah is called the hajj.

21
Mosque Quran
22
Three World Religions
What is Ramadan?
Ramadan is the month, according to Muslim
beliefs, in which God began to reveal the Quran
to Muhammad. Muslims observe Ramadan by fasting
during daylight hours.
23
Gathering in Makkah (Mecca)
24
Three World Religions
1. pg. 477
Define Match the terms on the right with their
definitions on the left.
E
__ 1. followers of a specific teacher __
2. messenger of God __ 3. belief in one supreme
God __ 4. an agreement __ 5. savior sent by
God __ 6. journey to Makkah __ 7. five
obligations all Muslims must fulfill

• A. monotheism
• covenant
• prophet
• messiah
• E. disciple
• F. five pillars of faith
• G. hajj

C
A
B
D
G
F
25
Three World Religions
2, pg. 477
Religion What are the worlds three largest
monotheistic religions?
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are the worlds
three largest monotheistic religions.
26
Three World Religions
3, pg. 477
History What was the Diaspora?
the scattering of Jews to different parts of the
world
27
Three World Religions
4, pg. 477
Making Comparisons How did the Ten Commandments
differ from the religious laws of neighboring
regions?
Unlike the laws of neighboring regions, they were
based on the worship of one God.
28
Three World Religions
5, pg. 477
Summarizing Information What are the main holy
days for each of the religions discussed in this
section?
Judaisms holy days are Passover, Rosh Hashanah,
and Yom Kippur. Christianitys holy days are
Christmas, Good Friday, and Easter. Islams holy
time is Ramadan.
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Three World Religions
7, pg. 477
Analyzing Primary Sources Read the quotes in the
Primary Source feature on page 475 of your
textbook. Summarize each quote in your own words.
Summaries for each religion should reflect the
belief in good deeds.