Models of Management

1
Models of Management

• Aim
• to present the major theoretical perspectives on
  management and to show how they relate to each
  other.

2
Initial ideas

• In groups of 2/3 consider the following
• Can you think of modern examples of the three
  themes of chapter 2, i.e.
• devising management systems to improve
  performance
• engaging with the social environment
• managing at a time of transition

3
Management systems

• Business Improvement
• Knowledge Management
• Quality Management / Business Excellence

4
The social environment

• Employee pension schemes
• Employee health schemes
• Unpaid leave
• Life-long learning

5
Managing during transition

• Autonomous work units
• Venturing
• Profit sharing
• Incentives to increase turnover

6
Management models

• Vague and imprecise but
• explain the past
• understand the present
• predict the future
• influence over future events
• less disturbance from the unexpected
• ( Handy 1993)

7
The competing values framework

• Human relations - commitment, participation,
  openness
• open systems - innovation adaptation, resource
  acquisition
• rational goals- productivity, direction, goal
  clarity
• internal process - administrative efficiency,
  documentation, control
• (Quinn et al 1996)

8
Competing values at Cadbury, BP and ITT

• 1. Why did the firms decide to diversify?
• 2. What problems arose in diversification?
• 3. What do you think of BPs strategy?
• 4. What did Rowntree do that was different from
  Cadbury?
• 5. What were the key ideas put forward by Tom
  Peters?
• 6. Did the Management consultants serve a useful
  purpose?

9
Suggested answers (1)

• 1.Good management teams
• diverse portfolio of activities
• risk management
• 2. New sets of markets, products and work
  practices
• 3. A short term opportunity for a cash rich
  company

10
Suggested answers (2)

• 4. Rowntree focus on core business activity
• 5. Tom Peters
• diversification
• core business
• down-sizing
• 6. Management of knowledge?
• Accelerated learning curve?

11
Case Study - Cadbury, BP ITT

• With reference to The Competing Values Framework
  (Boddy p.63, table 2.3)
• identify examples of the following
• Criteria for effectiveness
• Means/ends theory
• Emphasis or focus0
• Role of the manager

12
Competing values framework
13
The Body Shop (1)

• Consider the following questions
• What organisational functions does The Body Shop
  perform?
• In what ways are the managers in The Body Shop
  adding value to the resources?

14
The Body Shop (2)

• What aspects of the content and process
  perspectives of management can you observe in the
  case?
• What tensions may there be between the
  organisations objectives that managers have to
  reconcile?

15
The Body Shop (3)

• In what ways, if at all, are the models in the
  competing values framework supported by the
  evidence of The Body Shop?
• How does the management approach of Anita
  Roddrick compare with that of Robert Owen?
• How do you imaging(on the evidence) that Body
  Shop managers view uncertainty?